The [C ii]/[N ii] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey
ABSTRACT We present Atacama Compact Array and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment observations of the [N ii] 205 μm fine-structure line in 40 sub-millimetre galaxies lying at redshifts z = 3–6, drawn from the 2500 deg2 South Pole Telescope survey. This represents the largest uniformly selected sample of h...
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Oxford University Press (OUP)
2020
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa820 http://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/mnras/staa820/32980250/staa820.pdf http://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/494/3/4090/33155704/staa820.pdf |
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croxfordunivpr:10.1093/mnras/staa820 2024-10-06T13:52:50+00:00 The [C ii]/[N ii] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey Cunningham, D J M Chapman, S C Aravena, M De Breuck, C Béthermin, M Chen, Chian-Chou Dong, Chenxing Gonzalez, A H Greve, T R Litke, K C Ma, J Malkan, M Marrone, D P Miller, T Phadke, K A Reuter, C Rotermund, K Spilker, J S Stark, A A Strandet, M Vieira, J D Weiß, A National Science Foundation Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa820 http://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/mnras/staa820/32980250/staa820.pdf http://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/494/3/4090/33155704/staa820.pdf en eng Oxford University Press (OUP) https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society volume 494, issue 3, page 4090-4097 ISSN 0035-8711 1365-2966 journal-article 2020 croxfordunivpr https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa820 2024-09-10T04:13:57Z ABSTRACT We present Atacama Compact Array and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment observations of the [N ii] 205 μm fine-structure line in 40 sub-millimetre galaxies lying at redshifts z = 3–6, drawn from the 2500 deg2 South Pole Telescope survey. This represents the largest uniformly selected sample of high-redshift [N ii] 205 μm measurements to date. 29 sources also have [C ii] 158 μm line observations allowing a characterization of the distribution of the [C ii] to [N ii] luminosity ratio for the first time at high redshift. The sample exhibits a median L$_{{\rm{[C\,{\small II}]}}}$/L$_{{\rm{[N\,{\small II}]}}}$ ≈ 11.0 and interquartile range of 5.0 –24.7. These ratios are similar to those observed in local (Ultra)luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), possibly indicating similarities in their interstellar medium. At the extremes, we find individual sub-millimetre galaxies with L$_{{\rm{[C\,{\small II}]}}}$/L$_{{\rm{[N\,{\small II}]}}}$ low enough to suggest a smaller contribution from neutral gas than ionized gas to the [C ii] flux and high enough to suggest strongly photon or X-ray region dominated flux. These results highlight a large range in this line luminosity ratio for sub-millimetre galaxies, which may be caused by variations in gas density, the relative abundances of carbon and nitrogen, ionization parameter, metallicity, and a variation in the fractional abundance of ionized and neutral interstellar medium. Article in Journal/Newspaper South pole Oxford University Press South Pole Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494 3 4090 4097 |
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Oxford University Press |
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croxfordunivpr |
language |
English |
description |
ABSTRACT We present Atacama Compact Array and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment observations of the [N ii] 205 μm fine-structure line in 40 sub-millimetre galaxies lying at redshifts z = 3–6, drawn from the 2500 deg2 South Pole Telescope survey. This represents the largest uniformly selected sample of high-redshift [N ii] 205 μm measurements to date. 29 sources also have [C ii] 158 μm line observations allowing a characterization of the distribution of the [C ii] to [N ii] luminosity ratio for the first time at high redshift. The sample exhibits a median L$_{{\rm{[C\,{\small II}]}}}$/L$_{{\rm{[N\,{\small II}]}}}$ ≈ 11.0 and interquartile range of 5.0 –24.7. These ratios are similar to those observed in local (Ultra)luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), possibly indicating similarities in their interstellar medium. At the extremes, we find individual sub-millimetre galaxies with L$_{{\rm{[C\,{\small II}]}}}$/L$_{{\rm{[N\,{\small II}]}}}$ low enough to suggest a smaller contribution from neutral gas than ionized gas to the [C ii] flux and high enough to suggest strongly photon or X-ray region dominated flux. These results highlight a large range in this line luminosity ratio for sub-millimetre galaxies, which may be caused by variations in gas density, the relative abundances of carbon and nitrogen, ionization parameter, metallicity, and a variation in the fractional abundance of ionized and neutral interstellar medium. |
author2 |
National Science Foundation Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cunningham, D J M Chapman, S C Aravena, M De Breuck, C Béthermin, M Chen, Chian-Chou Dong, Chenxing Gonzalez, A H Greve, T R Litke, K C Ma, J Malkan, M Marrone, D P Miller, T Phadke, K A Reuter, C Rotermund, K Spilker, J S Stark, A A Strandet, M Vieira, J D Weiß, A |
spellingShingle |
Cunningham, D J M Chapman, S C Aravena, M De Breuck, C Béthermin, M Chen, Chian-Chou Dong, Chenxing Gonzalez, A H Greve, T R Litke, K C Ma, J Malkan, M Marrone, D P Miller, T Phadke, K A Reuter, C Rotermund, K Spilker, J S Stark, A A Strandet, M Vieira, J D Weiß, A The [C ii]/[N ii] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey |
author_facet |
Cunningham, D J M Chapman, S C Aravena, M De Breuck, C Béthermin, M Chen, Chian-Chou Dong, Chenxing Gonzalez, A H Greve, T R Litke, K C Ma, J Malkan, M Marrone, D P Miller, T Phadke, K A Reuter, C Rotermund, K Spilker, J S Stark, A A Strandet, M Vieira, J D Weiß, A |
author_sort |
Cunningham, D J M |
title |
The [C ii]/[N ii] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey |
title_short |
The [C ii]/[N ii] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey |
title_full |
The [C ii]/[N ii] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey |
title_fullStr |
The [C ii]/[N ii] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey |
title_full_unstemmed |
The [C ii]/[N ii] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey |
title_sort |
[c ii]/[n ii] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the south pole telescope survey |
publisher |
Oxford University Press (OUP) |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa820 http://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/mnras/staa820/32980250/staa820.pdf http://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/494/3/4090/33155704/staa820.pdf |
geographic |
South Pole |
geographic_facet |
South Pole |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_source |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society volume 494, issue 3, page 4090-4097 ISSN 0035-8711 1365-2966 |
op_rights |
https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa820 |
container_title |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
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494 |
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3 |
container_start_page |
4090 |
op_container_end_page |
4097 |
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