Rates of increase in gray seal (Halichoerus grypus atlantica) pupping at recolonized sites in the United States, 1988–2019
Abstract Gray seals were historically distributed along the northeastern coast of the United States, but bounties and lack of protection reduced numbers and they were rarely observed for most of the 20th century. Once protections were enacted, the population started to rebound. Here, we describe the...
Published in: | Journal of Mammalogy |
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2019
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz184 http://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-pdf/101/1/121/32541155/gyz184.pdf |
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croxfordunivpr:10.1093/jmammal/gyz184 2024-05-19T07:46:14+00:00 Rates of increase in gray seal (Halichoerus grypus atlantica) pupping at recolonized sites in the United States, 1988–2019 Wood, Stephanie A Murray, Kimberly T Josephson, Elizabeth Gilbert, James Swanson, Bradley National Marine Fisheries Service-Northeast Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service-Sea Grant National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Science and Technology 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz184 http://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-pdf/101/1/121/32541155/gyz184.pdf en eng Oxford University Press (OUP) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Journal of Mammalogy volume 101, issue 1, page 121-128 ISSN 0022-2372 1545-1542 journal-article 2019 croxfordunivpr https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz184 2024-04-25T07:59:36Z Abstract Gray seals were historically distributed along the northeastern coast of the United States, but bounties and lack of protection reduced numbers and they were rarely observed for most of the 20th century. Once protections were enacted, the population started to rebound. Here, we describe the recolonization and recovery of gray seals in the United States, focusing on the re-establishment of pupping sites. We fit individual generalized linear models to various time series (1988–2019) to estimate rates of increase in observed pup counts at four of the more data-rich sites. Annual rate of increase at individual sites ranged from −0.2% (95% CI: −2.3–1.9%) to 26.3% (95% CI: 21.6–31.4%). The increase in sites and number of pups born in the United States is driven by population growth and immigration from Canadian colonies and is part of a larger recovery of the Northwest Atlantic population. Wildlife protection, a healthy source population, habitat availability, and species traits that allow for dispersal and high productivity were all important factors in this recovery. Article in Journal/Newspaper Northwest Atlantic Oxford University Press Journal of Mammalogy 101 1 121 128 |
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Oxford University Press |
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croxfordunivpr |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Gray seals were historically distributed along the northeastern coast of the United States, but bounties and lack of protection reduced numbers and they were rarely observed for most of the 20th century. Once protections were enacted, the population started to rebound. Here, we describe the recolonization and recovery of gray seals in the United States, focusing on the re-establishment of pupping sites. We fit individual generalized linear models to various time series (1988–2019) to estimate rates of increase in observed pup counts at four of the more data-rich sites. Annual rate of increase at individual sites ranged from −0.2% (95% CI: −2.3–1.9%) to 26.3% (95% CI: 21.6–31.4%). The increase in sites and number of pups born in the United States is driven by population growth and immigration from Canadian colonies and is part of a larger recovery of the Northwest Atlantic population. Wildlife protection, a healthy source population, habitat availability, and species traits that allow for dispersal and high productivity were all important factors in this recovery. |
author2 |
Swanson, Bradley National Marine Fisheries Service-Northeast Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service-Sea Grant National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Science and Technology |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wood, Stephanie A Murray, Kimberly T Josephson, Elizabeth Gilbert, James |
spellingShingle |
Wood, Stephanie A Murray, Kimberly T Josephson, Elizabeth Gilbert, James Rates of increase in gray seal (Halichoerus grypus atlantica) pupping at recolonized sites in the United States, 1988–2019 |
author_facet |
Wood, Stephanie A Murray, Kimberly T Josephson, Elizabeth Gilbert, James |
author_sort |
Wood, Stephanie A |
title |
Rates of increase in gray seal (Halichoerus grypus atlantica) pupping at recolonized sites in the United States, 1988–2019 |
title_short |
Rates of increase in gray seal (Halichoerus grypus atlantica) pupping at recolonized sites in the United States, 1988–2019 |
title_full |
Rates of increase in gray seal (Halichoerus grypus atlantica) pupping at recolonized sites in the United States, 1988–2019 |
title_fullStr |
Rates of increase in gray seal (Halichoerus grypus atlantica) pupping at recolonized sites in the United States, 1988–2019 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Rates of increase in gray seal (Halichoerus grypus atlantica) pupping at recolonized sites in the United States, 1988–2019 |
title_sort |
rates of increase in gray seal (halichoerus grypus atlantica) pupping at recolonized sites in the united states, 1988–2019 |
publisher |
Oxford University Press (OUP) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz184 http://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-pdf/101/1/121/32541155/gyz184.pdf |
genre |
Northwest Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Northwest Atlantic |
op_source |
Journal of Mammalogy volume 101, issue 1, page 121-128 ISSN 0022-2372 1545-1542 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz184 |
container_title |
Journal of Mammalogy |
container_volume |
101 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
121 |
op_container_end_page |
128 |
_version_ |
1799486367436111872 |