Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales
Abstract The kin structure of a species at relatively fine spatial scales impacts broad-scale patterns in genetic structure at the population level. However, kin structure rarely has been elucidated for migratory marine mammals. The Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) exhibits migratory beh...
Published in: | Journal of Mammalogy |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Oxford University Press (OUP)
2020
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 http://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-pdf/101/3/755/33461246/gyaa050.pdf |
id |
croxfordunivpr:10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
croxfordunivpr:10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 2024-10-13T14:05:34+00:00 Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales Beatty, William S Lemons, Patrick R Sethi, Suresh A Everett, Jason P Lewis, Cara J Lynn, Robert J Cook, Geoffrey M Garlich-Miller, Joel L Wenburg, John K Baird, Amy Bureau of Ocean Energy Management National Fish and Wildlife Foundation 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 http://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-pdf/101/3/755/33461246/gyaa050.pdf en eng Oxford University Press (OUP) Journal of Mammalogy volume 101, issue 3, page 755-765 ISSN 0022-2372 1545-1542 journal-article 2020 croxfordunivpr https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 2024-09-17T04:26:12Z Abstract The kin structure of a species at relatively fine spatial scales impacts broad-scale patterns in genetic structure at the population level. However, kin structure rarely has been elucidated for migratory marine mammals. The Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) exhibits migratory behavior linked to seasonal patterns in sea ice dynamics. Consequently, information on the spatial genetic structure of the subspecies, including kin structure, could aid wildlife managers in designing future studies to evaluate the impacts of sea ice loss on the subspecies. We sampled 8,303 individual walruses over a 5-year period and used 114 single-nucleotide polymorphisms to examine both broad-scale patterns in genetic structure and fine-scale patterns in relatedness. We did not detect any evidence of genetic structure at broad spatial scales, with low FST values (≤ 0.001) across all pairs of putative aggregations. To evaluate kin structure at fine spatial scales, we defined a walrus group as a cluster of resting individuals that were less than one walrus body length apart. We found weak evidence of kin structure at fine spatial scales, with 3.72% of groups exhibiting mean relatedness values greater than expected by chance, and a significantly higher overall observed mean value of relatedness within groups than expected by chance. Thus, the high spatiotemporal variation in the distribution of resources in the Pacific Arctic environment likely has favored a gregarious social system in Pacific walruses, with unrelated animals forming temporary associations. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Odobenus rosmarus Pacific Arctic Sea ice walrus* Oxford University Press Arctic Pacific Journal of Mammalogy 101 3 755 765 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Oxford University Press |
op_collection_id |
croxfordunivpr |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract The kin structure of a species at relatively fine spatial scales impacts broad-scale patterns in genetic structure at the population level. However, kin structure rarely has been elucidated for migratory marine mammals. The Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) exhibits migratory behavior linked to seasonal patterns in sea ice dynamics. Consequently, information on the spatial genetic structure of the subspecies, including kin structure, could aid wildlife managers in designing future studies to evaluate the impacts of sea ice loss on the subspecies. We sampled 8,303 individual walruses over a 5-year period and used 114 single-nucleotide polymorphisms to examine both broad-scale patterns in genetic structure and fine-scale patterns in relatedness. We did not detect any evidence of genetic structure at broad spatial scales, with low FST values (≤ 0.001) across all pairs of putative aggregations. To evaluate kin structure at fine spatial scales, we defined a walrus group as a cluster of resting individuals that were less than one walrus body length apart. We found weak evidence of kin structure at fine spatial scales, with 3.72% of groups exhibiting mean relatedness values greater than expected by chance, and a significantly higher overall observed mean value of relatedness within groups than expected by chance. Thus, the high spatiotemporal variation in the distribution of resources in the Pacific Arctic environment likely has favored a gregarious social system in Pacific walruses, with unrelated animals forming temporary associations. |
author2 |
Baird, Amy Bureau of Ocean Energy Management National Fish and Wildlife Foundation |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Beatty, William S Lemons, Patrick R Sethi, Suresh A Everett, Jason P Lewis, Cara J Lynn, Robert J Cook, Geoffrey M Garlich-Miller, Joel L Wenburg, John K |
spellingShingle |
Beatty, William S Lemons, Patrick R Sethi, Suresh A Everett, Jason P Lewis, Cara J Lynn, Robert J Cook, Geoffrey M Garlich-Miller, Joel L Wenburg, John K Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales |
author_facet |
Beatty, William S Lemons, Patrick R Sethi, Suresh A Everett, Jason P Lewis, Cara J Lynn, Robert J Cook, Geoffrey M Garlich-Miller, Joel L Wenburg, John K |
author_sort |
Beatty, William S |
title |
Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales |
title_short |
Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales |
title_full |
Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales |
title_fullStr |
Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales |
title_full_unstemmed |
Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales |
title_sort |
panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the pacific walrus (odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales |
publisher |
Oxford University Press (OUP) |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 http://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-pdf/101/3/755/33461246/gyaa050.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Pacific |
genre |
Arctic Odobenus rosmarus Pacific Arctic Sea ice walrus* |
genre_facet |
Arctic Odobenus rosmarus Pacific Arctic Sea ice walrus* |
op_source |
Journal of Mammalogy volume 101, issue 3, page 755-765 ISSN 0022-2372 1545-1542 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 |
container_title |
Journal of Mammalogy |
container_volume |
101 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
755 |
op_container_end_page |
765 |
_version_ |
1812811656135180288 |