174 All Things Bison: The Known and the Unknown

• Published in: Journal of Animal Science
• Main Author: Galbraith, Jayson
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford University Press (OUP) 2022
• Subjects: Genetics; Animal Science and Zoology; General Medicine; Food Science; Alaska; Bison bison bison
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.157; https://academic.oup.com/jas/article-pdf/100/Supplement_3/80/45963303/skac247.157.pdf

Abstract Bison (Bison bison) are a majestic species native to North America that have a rich yet turbulent history. This iconic species is valued due to its cultural significance among indigenous people, impact on the vast geography that it inhabited and commercially for its meat products with desirable attributes. Conservation efforts have included both public and privately owned herds, and efforts to increase their numbers presently continue on both fronts. The objective of this presentation is to provide some historical context about bison, an overview of bison ranching in North America, review research on bison and suggest research topics of importance for this species. Bison roamed North America from Alaska to the northern tier of Mexican states in massive numbers up until the late 1800’s where relentless hunting and waste dwindled their numbers to no more than 1500 head. Today the farmed bison industry in North America is a thriving livestock industry with over 300,000 bison on farms and a keen consumer interested in the story and sustainability of bison. The primary product from the industry is meat, but skulls, hides and farm tourism are also sources of revenue for the industry. There is much about bison that is unknown, but the body of knowledge is increasing as research is published and through code of practice development. Genetic testing and disease surveillance are important tools for species preservation, both on private ranches and public herds. Understanding bison seasonality, adaptations to low quality forages, interactions with their environment and sensitivity to stress helps both the conservation and commercial raising of bison. More research into nutrition, meat quality, reproduction, technology adoption and handling techniques to lower impacts of stress will help efforts towards successfully raising and enjoying bison.