The major threats to Atlantic salmon in Norway
Abstract Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an economically and culturally important species. Norway has more than 400 watercourses with Atlantic salmon and supports a large proportion of the world’s wild Atlantic salmon. Atlantic salmon are structured into numerous genetically differentiated populati...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx020 http://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article-pdf/74/6/1496/31245695/fsx020.pdf |
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croxfordunivpr:10.1093/icesjms/fsx020 2024-06-23T07:51:08+00:00 The major threats to Atlantic salmon in Norway Forseth, Torbjørn Barlaup, Bjørn T. Finstad, Bengt Fiske, Peder Gjøsæter, Harald Falkegård, Morten Hindar, Atle Mo, Tor Atle Rikardsen, Audun H. Thorstad, Eva B. Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn Wennevik, Vidar Gibbs, Mark 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx020 http://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article-pdf/74/6/1496/31245695/fsx020.pdf en eng Oxford University Press (OUP) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ICES Journal of Marine Science volume 74, issue 6, page 1496-1513 ISSN 1054-3139 1095-9289 journal-article 2017 croxfordunivpr https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx020 2024-06-11T04:18:11Z Abstract Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an economically and culturally important species. Norway has more than 400 watercourses with Atlantic salmon and supports a large proportion of the world’s wild Atlantic salmon. Atlantic salmon are structured into numerous genetically differentiated populations, and are therefore managed at the population level. Long-distance migrations between freshwater and ocean habitats expose Atlantic salmon to multiple threats, and a number of anthropogenic factors have contributed to the decline of Atlantic salmon during the last decades. Knowledge on the relative importance of the different anthropogenic factors is vital for prioritizing management measures. We developed a semi-quantitative 2D classification system to rank the different anthropogenic factors and used this to assess the major threats to Norwegian Atlantic salmon. Escaped farmed salmon and salmon lice from fish farms were identified as expanding population threats, with escaped farmed salmon being the largest current threat. These two factors affect populations to the extent that they may be critically endangered or lost, with a large likelihood of causing further reductions and losses in the future. The introduced parasite Gyrodactylus salaris, freshwater acidification, hydropower regulation and other habitat alterations were identified as stabilized population threats, which have contributed to populations becoming critically endangered or lost, but with a low likelihood of causing further loss. Other impacts were identified as less influential, either as stabilized or expanding factors that cause loss in terms of number of returning adults, but not to the extent that populations become threatened. Management based on population specific reference points (conservation limits) has reduced exploitation in Norway, and overexploitation was therefore no longer regarded an important impact factor. The classification system may be used as a template for ranking of anthropogenic impact factors in other countries and as a ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Oxford University Press Norway ICES Journal of Marine Science 74 6 1496 1513 |
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Oxford University Press |
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croxfordunivpr |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an economically and culturally important species. Norway has more than 400 watercourses with Atlantic salmon and supports a large proportion of the world’s wild Atlantic salmon. Atlantic salmon are structured into numerous genetically differentiated populations, and are therefore managed at the population level. Long-distance migrations between freshwater and ocean habitats expose Atlantic salmon to multiple threats, and a number of anthropogenic factors have contributed to the decline of Atlantic salmon during the last decades. Knowledge on the relative importance of the different anthropogenic factors is vital for prioritizing management measures. We developed a semi-quantitative 2D classification system to rank the different anthropogenic factors and used this to assess the major threats to Norwegian Atlantic salmon. Escaped farmed salmon and salmon lice from fish farms were identified as expanding population threats, with escaped farmed salmon being the largest current threat. These two factors affect populations to the extent that they may be critically endangered or lost, with a large likelihood of causing further reductions and losses in the future. The introduced parasite Gyrodactylus salaris, freshwater acidification, hydropower regulation and other habitat alterations were identified as stabilized population threats, which have contributed to populations becoming critically endangered or lost, but with a low likelihood of causing further loss. Other impacts were identified as less influential, either as stabilized or expanding factors that cause loss in terms of number of returning adults, but not to the extent that populations become threatened. Management based on population specific reference points (conservation limits) has reduced exploitation in Norway, and overexploitation was therefore no longer regarded an important impact factor. The classification system may be used as a template for ranking of anthropogenic impact factors in other countries and as a ... |
author2 |
Gibbs, Mark |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Forseth, Torbjørn Barlaup, Bjørn T. Finstad, Bengt Fiske, Peder Gjøsæter, Harald Falkegård, Morten Hindar, Atle Mo, Tor Atle Rikardsen, Audun H. Thorstad, Eva B. Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn Wennevik, Vidar |
spellingShingle |
Forseth, Torbjørn Barlaup, Bjørn T. Finstad, Bengt Fiske, Peder Gjøsæter, Harald Falkegård, Morten Hindar, Atle Mo, Tor Atle Rikardsen, Audun H. Thorstad, Eva B. Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn Wennevik, Vidar The major threats to Atlantic salmon in Norway |
author_facet |
Forseth, Torbjørn Barlaup, Bjørn T. Finstad, Bengt Fiske, Peder Gjøsæter, Harald Falkegård, Morten Hindar, Atle Mo, Tor Atle Rikardsen, Audun H. Thorstad, Eva B. Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn Wennevik, Vidar |
author_sort |
Forseth, Torbjørn |
title |
The major threats to Atlantic salmon in Norway |
title_short |
The major threats to Atlantic salmon in Norway |
title_full |
The major threats to Atlantic salmon in Norway |
title_fullStr |
The major threats to Atlantic salmon in Norway |
title_full_unstemmed |
The major threats to Atlantic salmon in Norway |
title_sort |
major threats to atlantic salmon in norway |
publisher |
Oxford University Press (OUP) |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx020 http://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article-pdf/74/6/1496/31245695/fsx020.pdf |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
ICES Journal of Marine Science volume 74, issue 6, page 1496-1513 ISSN 1054-3139 1095-9289 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx020 |
container_title |
ICES Journal of Marine Science |
container_volume |
74 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
1496 |
op_container_end_page |
1513 |
_version_ |
1802642128415752192 |