Terrestrial fatty acids from feed oil in feed for farmed salmonids are transferred to the liver, gonads, and muscle of wild Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua)
Abstract Wild fish attracted to salmon farms feed on waste feed that presently contain high levels of fatty acids of terrestrial origin. This study examines whether mature Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) caught at spawning grounds has eaten salmon waste feed. Cod were caught at four spawning grounds aro...
Published in: | ICES Journal of Marine Science |
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Language: | English |
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Oxford University Press (OUP)
2023
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad051 https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article-pdf/80/4/1143/50384599/fsad051.pdf |
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croxfordunivpr:10.1093/icesjms/fsad051 2024-06-23T07:51:04+00:00 Terrestrial fatty acids from feed oil in feed for farmed salmonids are transferred to the liver, gonads, and muscle of wild Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) Meier, Sonnich van der Meeren, Terje Skjæraasen, Jon Egil Bannister, Raymond J Rasinger, Josef Daniel Karlsen, Ørjan Byron, Carrie Norwegian Seafood Research Fund Institute of Marine Research Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries Norwegian Seafood Research Fund 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad051 https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article-pdf/80/4/1143/50384599/fsad051.pdf en eng Oxford University Press (OUP) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ICES Journal of Marine Science volume 80, issue 4, page 1143-1154 ISSN 1054-3139 1095-9289 journal-article 2023 croxfordunivpr https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad051 2024-06-11T04:18:52Z Abstract Wild fish attracted to salmon farms feed on waste feed that presently contain high levels of fatty acids of terrestrial origin. This study examines whether mature Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) caught at spawning grounds has eaten salmon waste feed. Cod were caught at four spawning grounds around Smøla (Norway), an area with multiple salmon farms, during the spawning season in 2018 (n = 327) and 2019 (n = 488). The fatty acid (FA) profile of their livers, gonads (ovary and testis), and muscles (2019) were determined. Multivariate k-mean cluster analysis of liver FA profiles revealed three main clusters, which could be allocated to trophic niches using known fatty acid trophic markers (FATMs). Of the sampled cod in 2018 and 2019, 13 % and 20 % respectively had high liver concentrations of terrestrial FATMs (18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, and 18:3n-3), indicating waste feed feeding. The remaining cod could be assigned to either the pelagic or benthic food chain. The cod identified as feeding on waste feed had large, fatty livers. The terrestrial FAs were also transferred to the muscle and gonad lipids. It is postulated that the latter may result in gametes with sub-optimal lipid composition, potentially impacting fitness, which warrants further investigation. Article in Journal/Newspaper atlantic cod Gadus morhua Oxford University Press Norway Smøla ENVELOPE(8.034,8.034,63.357,63.357) ICES Journal of Marine Science |
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Oxford University Press |
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croxfordunivpr |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Wild fish attracted to salmon farms feed on waste feed that presently contain high levels of fatty acids of terrestrial origin. This study examines whether mature Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) caught at spawning grounds has eaten salmon waste feed. Cod were caught at four spawning grounds around Smøla (Norway), an area with multiple salmon farms, during the spawning season in 2018 (n = 327) and 2019 (n = 488). The fatty acid (FA) profile of their livers, gonads (ovary and testis), and muscles (2019) were determined. Multivariate k-mean cluster analysis of liver FA profiles revealed three main clusters, which could be allocated to trophic niches using known fatty acid trophic markers (FATMs). Of the sampled cod in 2018 and 2019, 13 % and 20 % respectively had high liver concentrations of terrestrial FATMs (18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, and 18:3n-3), indicating waste feed feeding. The remaining cod could be assigned to either the pelagic or benthic food chain. The cod identified as feeding on waste feed had large, fatty livers. The terrestrial FAs were also transferred to the muscle and gonad lipids. It is postulated that the latter may result in gametes with sub-optimal lipid composition, potentially impacting fitness, which warrants further investigation. |
author2 |
Byron, Carrie Norwegian Seafood Research Fund Institute of Marine Research Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries Norwegian Seafood Research Fund |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Meier, Sonnich van der Meeren, Terje Skjæraasen, Jon Egil Bannister, Raymond J Rasinger, Josef Daniel Karlsen, Ørjan |
spellingShingle |
Meier, Sonnich van der Meeren, Terje Skjæraasen, Jon Egil Bannister, Raymond J Rasinger, Josef Daniel Karlsen, Ørjan Terrestrial fatty acids from feed oil in feed for farmed salmonids are transferred to the liver, gonads, and muscle of wild Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) |
author_facet |
Meier, Sonnich van der Meeren, Terje Skjæraasen, Jon Egil Bannister, Raymond J Rasinger, Josef Daniel Karlsen, Ørjan |
author_sort |
Meier, Sonnich |
title |
Terrestrial fatty acids from feed oil in feed for farmed salmonids are transferred to the liver, gonads, and muscle of wild Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) |
title_short |
Terrestrial fatty acids from feed oil in feed for farmed salmonids are transferred to the liver, gonads, and muscle of wild Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) |
title_full |
Terrestrial fatty acids from feed oil in feed for farmed salmonids are transferred to the liver, gonads, and muscle of wild Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) |
title_fullStr |
Terrestrial fatty acids from feed oil in feed for farmed salmonids are transferred to the liver, gonads, and muscle of wild Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Terrestrial fatty acids from feed oil in feed for farmed salmonids are transferred to the liver, gonads, and muscle of wild Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) |
title_sort |
terrestrial fatty acids from feed oil in feed for farmed salmonids are transferred to the liver, gonads, and muscle of wild atlantic cod ( gadus morhua) |
publisher |
Oxford University Press (OUP) |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad051 https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article-pdf/80/4/1143/50384599/fsad051.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(8.034,8.034,63.357,63.357) |
geographic |
Norway Smøla |
geographic_facet |
Norway Smøla |
genre |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
genre_facet |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
op_source |
ICES Journal of Marine Science volume 80, issue 4, page 1143-1154 ISSN 1054-3139 1095-9289 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad051 |
container_title |
ICES Journal of Marine Science |
_version_ |
1802642056103854080 |