From Individual Calcifiers to Ecosystem Dynamics: Ocean Acidification Effects on Urchins and Abalone
Synopsis A central question in ecology is to what extent do trophic interactions govern the structure and function of communities? This question is becoming more pressing as trophic interactions shift with rapid climate change. Sea urchins and abalone are key invertebrates in the habitats where they...
Published in: | Integrative And Comparative Biology |
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2024
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croxfordunivpr:10.1093/icb/icae096 2024-10-13T14:10:01+00:00 From Individual Calcifiers to Ecosystem Dynamics: Ocean Acidification Effects on Urchins and Abalone deVries, Maya S Ly, Nhi Ebner, Chase Hallisey, Ryan 2024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icae096 https://academic.oup.com/icb/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/icb/icae096/58721519/icae096.pdf https://academic.oup.com/icb/article-pdf/64/2/290/59146660/icae096.pdf en eng Oxford University Press (OUP) https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model Integrative And Comparative Biology volume 64, issue 2, page 290-305 ISSN 1540-7063 1557-7023 journal-article 2024 croxfordunivpr https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icae096 2024-09-24T04:05:51Z Synopsis A central question in ecology is to what extent do trophic interactions govern the structure and function of communities? This question is becoming more pressing as trophic interactions shift with rapid climate change. Sea urchins and abalone are key invertebrates in the habitats where they reside. Sea urchins are critical members of exemplar trophic cascades in kelp forests due to their impact on kelp establishment and maintenance; yet their populations are controlled by predators, such as sea otters and sunflower sea stars. Abalone compete with urchins for macroalgal food resources and therefore can help regulate urchin populations in kelp forests. Given that both urchin tests and abalone shells used for predator defense are comprised of calcium carbonate, much research has been conducted on the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on these calcified structures. A growing body of literature has shown that urchin tests are less calcified and break with less force under OA conditions. Less is known about abalone, but their shells also appear to respond negatively to OA. Using kelp forest communities as exemplar ecosystems, we discuss the morphological, biomechanical, and physiological responses to OA in urchins and abalone and consider how these individual level responses scale to trophic interactions and ultimately whole ecosystem processes. Although the impacts of OA on the calcified structures used for defense have been well studied, calcified mechanisms for food consumption, such as the Aristotle's lantern of urchins, are much less understood. Thus, examining both the feeding and defense sides of trophic interactions would greatly improve our understanding of OA responses across individual to ecosystem scales. More generally, measurements of morphological, biomechanical, and physiological responses to OA can be made in individuals to help predict higher level ecological responses, which would greatly contribute to broader predictions of whole ecosystem responses to OA. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Oxford University Press Integrative And Comparative Biology |
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Open Polar |
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Oxford University Press |
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croxfordunivpr |
language |
English |
description |
Synopsis A central question in ecology is to what extent do trophic interactions govern the structure and function of communities? This question is becoming more pressing as trophic interactions shift with rapid climate change. Sea urchins and abalone are key invertebrates in the habitats where they reside. Sea urchins are critical members of exemplar trophic cascades in kelp forests due to their impact on kelp establishment and maintenance; yet their populations are controlled by predators, such as sea otters and sunflower sea stars. Abalone compete with urchins for macroalgal food resources and therefore can help regulate urchin populations in kelp forests. Given that both urchin tests and abalone shells used for predator defense are comprised of calcium carbonate, much research has been conducted on the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on these calcified structures. A growing body of literature has shown that urchin tests are less calcified and break with less force under OA conditions. Less is known about abalone, but their shells also appear to respond negatively to OA. Using kelp forest communities as exemplar ecosystems, we discuss the morphological, biomechanical, and physiological responses to OA in urchins and abalone and consider how these individual level responses scale to trophic interactions and ultimately whole ecosystem processes. Although the impacts of OA on the calcified structures used for defense have been well studied, calcified mechanisms for food consumption, such as the Aristotle's lantern of urchins, are much less understood. Thus, examining both the feeding and defense sides of trophic interactions would greatly improve our understanding of OA responses across individual to ecosystem scales. More generally, measurements of morphological, biomechanical, and physiological responses to OA can be made in individuals to help predict higher level ecological responses, which would greatly contribute to broader predictions of whole ecosystem responses to OA. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
deVries, Maya S Ly, Nhi Ebner, Chase Hallisey, Ryan |
spellingShingle |
deVries, Maya S Ly, Nhi Ebner, Chase Hallisey, Ryan From Individual Calcifiers to Ecosystem Dynamics: Ocean Acidification Effects on Urchins and Abalone |
author_facet |
deVries, Maya S Ly, Nhi Ebner, Chase Hallisey, Ryan |
author_sort |
deVries, Maya S |
title |
From Individual Calcifiers to Ecosystem Dynamics: Ocean Acidification Effects on Urchins and Abalone |
title_short |
From Individual Calcifiers to Ecosystem Dynamics: Ocean Acidification Effects on Urchins and Abalone |
title_full |
From Individual Calcifiers to Ecosystem Dynamics: Ocean Acidification Effects on Urchins and Abalone |
title_fullStr |
From Individual Calcifiers to Ecosystem Dynamics: Ocean Acidification Effects on Urchins and Abalone |
title_full_unstemmed |
From Individual Calcifiers to Ecosystem Dynamics: Ocean Acidification Effects on Urchins and Abalone |
title_sort |
from individual calcifiers to ecosystem dynamics: ocean acidification effects on urchins and abalone |
publisher |
Oxford University Press (OUP) |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icae096 https://academic.oup.com/icb/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/icb/icae096/58721519/icae096.pdf https://academic.oup.com/icb/article-pdf/64/2/290/59146660/icae096.pdf |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Integrative And Comparative Biology volume 64, issue 2, page 290-305 ISSN 1540-7063 1557-7023 |
op_rights |
https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icae096 |
container_title |
Integrative And Comparative Biology |
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1812817129349578752 |