| Summary: | This chapter provides an overview of the issue of climate change and its form under oscillations and longer-term trends. Climate changes in the ocean on spatial scales from the size of an entire ocean to that of the world ocean. Warming causes extinctions at the low-latitude end of species ranges, enough to rearrange biogeography. Moreover, the crucial side-product of climate change is the increase of carbon dioxide, which ultimately results in the acidification of the ocean. The chapter discusses the differences between El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). It also looks at the science surrounding the greenhouse effect and greenhouse gases.
|
|---|