Prefledging Energy Requirements in Shorebirds: Energetic Implications of Self-Feeding Precocial Development
Abstract Understanding ecological consequences of avian developmental modes requires knowledge of energy requirements of chicks of different positions in the precocial–altricial spectrum, but those have rarely been measured in birds with self-feeding precocial young. We studied prefledging energy bu...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.4.944 http://academic.oup.com/auk/article-pdf/118/4/944/29687154/auk0944.pdf |
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croxfordunivpr:10.1093/auk/118.4.944 2024-04-07T07:56:24+00:00 Prefledging Energy Requirements in Shorebirds: Energetic Implications of Self-Feeding Precocial Development Schekkerman, Hans Visser, G. Henk Blem, C. 2001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.4.944 http://academic.oup.com/auk/article-pdf/118/4/944/29687154/auk0944.pdf en eng Oxford University Press (OUP) The Auk volume 118, issue 4, page 944-957 ISSN 1938-4254 0004-8038 Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics journal-article 2001 croxfordunivpr https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.4.944 2024-03-08T03:06:23Z Abstract Understanding ecological consequences of avian developmental modes requires knowledge of energy requirements of chicks of different positions in the precocial–altricial spectrum, but those have rarely been measured in birds with self-feeding precocial young. We studied prefledging energy budgets in chicks of Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa) and Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) in the field and in the laboratory. Lapwings show slower growth than godwits, reaching a 29% lower fledging mass (142 vs. 201 g) in a 32% longer period (33 vs. 25 days). Daily energy expenditure (DEE), measured by the doubly labelled water (DLW) technique, and daily metabolized energy (DEE plus energy deposited into tissue) increased proportionally to body mass at similar levels in both species. Total metabolized energy (TME) over the fledging period was 8,331 kJ in godwits and 6,982 kJ in lapwings, 39 and 29% higher than an allometric prediction (Weathers 1992). That suggests that self-feeding precocial chicks have high energy requirements compared with parent-fed species, due to costs of activity and thermoregulation associated with foraging. Those components made up 50–53% of TME in the shorebirds, more than twice as much as in seven parent-fed species for which DLW-based energy budgets are available. In captive lapwings and godwits growing up under favorable thermal conditions with food readily accessible, thermoregulation and activity costs were 53–58% lower and TME was 26–31% lower than in free-living chicks. The proportion of TME allocated to tissue formation (13–15% deposited as tissue plus 10–12% synthesis costs) was low in the shorebirds, and reductions in food intake may therefore sooner lead to stagnation of growth than in parent-fed chicks. Furthermore, the need to forage limits potential for saving energy by reducing activity in periods of food scarcity, because that will further decrease food intake. Self-feeding precocial chicks thus seem to operate within fairly narrow energetic margins. At the same time, ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Vanellus vanellus black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa Oxford University Press Dee ENVELOPE(-59.767,-59.767,-62.433,-62.433) The Auk 118 4 944 957 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Oxford University Press |
op_collection_id |
croxfordunivpr |
language |
English |
topic |
Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
spellingShingle |
Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Schekkerman, Hans Visser, G. Henk Blem, C. Prefledging Energy Requirements in Shorebirds: Energetic Implications of Self-Feeding Precocial Development |
topic_facet |
Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
description |
Abstract Understanding ecological consequences of avian developmental modes requires knowledge of energy requirements of chicks of different positions in the precocial–altricial spectrum, but those have rarely been measured in birds with self-feeding precocial young. We studied prefledging energy budgets in chicks of Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa) and Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) in the field and in the laboratory. Lapwings show slower growth than godwits, reaching a 29% lower fledging mass (142 vs. 201 g) in a 32% longer period (33 vs. 25 days). Daily energy expenditure (DEE), measured by the doubly labelled water (DLW) technique, and daily metabolized energy (DEE plus energy deposited into tissue) increased proportionally to body mass at similar levels in both species. Total metabolized energy (TME) over the fledging period was 8,331 kJ in godwits and 6,982 kJ in lapwings, 39 and 29% higher than an allometric prediction (Weathers 1992). That suggests that self-feeding precocial chicks have high energy requirements compared with parent-fed species, due to costs of activity and thermoregulation associated with foraging. Those components made up 50–53% of TME in the shorebirds, more than twice as much as in seven parent-fed species for which DLW-based energy budgets are available. In captive lapwings and godwits growing up under favorable thermal conditions with food readily accessible, thermoregulation and activity costs were 53–58% lower and TME was 26–31% lower than in free-living chicks. The proportion of TME allocated to tissue formation (13–15% deposited as tissue plus 10–12% synthesis costs) was low in the shorebirds, and reductions in food intake may therefore sooner lead to stagnation of growth than in parent-fed chicks. Furthermore, the need to forage limits potential for saving energy by reducing activity in periods of food scarcity, because that will further decrease food intake. Self-feeding precocial chicks thus seem to operate within fairly narrow energetic margins. At the same time, ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Schekkerman, Hans Visser, G. Henk Blem, C. |
author_facet |
Schekkerman, Hans Visser, G. Henk Blem, C. |
author_sort |
Schekkerman, Hans |
title |
Prefledging Energy Requirements in Shorebirds: Energetic Implications of Self-Feeding Precocial Development |
title_short |
Prefledging Energy Requirements in Shorebirds: Energetic Implications of Self-Feeding Precocial Development |
title_full |
Prefledging Energy Requirements in Shorebirds: Energetic Implications of Self-Feeding Precocial Development |
title_fullStr |
Prefledging Energy Requirements in Shorebirds: Energetic Implications of Self-Feeding Precocial Development |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prefledging Energy Requirements in Shorebirds: Energetic Implications of Self-Feeding Precocial Development |
title_sort |
prefledging energy requirements in shorebirds: energetic implications of self-feeding precocial development |
publisher |
Oxford University Press (OUP) |
publishDate |
2001 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.4.944 http://academic.oup.com/auk/article-pdf/118/4/944/29687154/auk0944.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-59.767,-59.767,-62.433,-62.433) |
geographic |
Dee |
geographic_facet |
Dee |
genre |
Vanellus vanellus black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa |
genre_facet |
Vanellus vanellus black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa |
op_source |
The Auk volume 118, issue 4, page 944-957 ISSN 1938-4254 0004-8038 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.4.944 |
container_title |
The Auk |
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118 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
944 |
op_container_end_page |
957 |
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1795674263232970752 |