Historical Tools of Anthropometric Facial Assessment: A Systematic Raw Data Analysis on the Applicability of the Neoclassical Canons and Golden Ratio
Abstract Background The fundamental tenets of facial aesthetic surgery education have not changed in centuries. Research is beginning to demonstrate that the Neoclassical Canons and the Golden Ratio, Phi, have limited utilization in populations other than those of White European extraction. Objectiv...
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Oxford University Press (OUP)
2021
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croxfordunivpr:10.1093/asj/sjab339 2024-09-15T17:44:47+00:00 Historical Tools of Anthropometric Facial Assessment: A Systematic Raw Data Analysis on the Applicability of the Neoclassical Canons and Golden Ratio Khoshab, Nima Donnelly, Megan R Sayadi, Lohrasb R Vyas, Raj M Banyard, Derek A 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjab339 https://academic.oup.com/asj/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/asj/sjab339/41149425/sjab339.pdf https://academic.oup.com/asj/article-pdf/42/1/NP1/47234721/sjab339.pdf en eng Oxford University Press (OUP) https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights Aesthetic Surgery Journal volume 42, issue 1, page NP1-NP10 ISSN 1090-820X 1527-330X journal-article 2021 croxfordunivpr https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjab339 2024-08-12T04:24:58Z Abstract Background The fundamental tenets of facial aesthetic surgery education have not changed in centuries. Research is beginning to demonstrate that the Neoclassical Canons and the Golden Ratio, Phi, have limited utilization in populations other than those of White European extraction. Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze comparable raw data in the literature to determine (1) if there is interethnic variability in Neoclassical Canon and Phi measurements, and (2) if the measurements in these representative samples differ from the “ideal.” Methods A PubMed/Scopus search was performed. Manuscripts with raw data and individuals aged ≥16 were included. Measurements were extracted and employed to calculate the Neoclassical Canons and Phi. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted to compare mean measurements across 6 ethnic groups (P < 0.05). Results Twenty-seven articles were included. Every continent was represented except Antarctica and Australia. Men were less commonly studied than women. Participant ages ranged from 16 to 56. Averaged Canons 2, 6-8 measurements had significant interethnic differences in males, whereas Canons 5-8 had significant differences across ethnicities in females. For men, there was significant interethnic variability in measurements of Phi 2, 5, 8, 10, and 17. For women, Phi 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, and 17 varied across ethnicities. No ethnic/gender group showed consistent approximation of the “ideal” for both the Neoclassical Canons and Phi. Conclusions Today, the utility of the Neoclassical Canons and Phi is limited. It is incumbent on our field to systematically study and define the anthropometric measures that define the “ideal.” Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Oxford University Press Aesthetic Surgery Journal |
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Oxford University Press |
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English |
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Abstract Background The fundamental tenets of facial aesthetic surgery education have not changed in centuries. Research is beginning to demonstrate that the Neoclassical Canons and the Golden Ratio, Phi, have limited utilization in populations other than those of White European extraction. Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze comparable raw data in the literature to determine (1) if there is interethnic variability in Neoclassical Canon and Phi measurements, and (2) if the measurements in these representative samples differ from the “ideal.” Methods A PubMed/Scopus search was performed. Manuscripts with raw data and individuals aged ≥16 were included. Measurements were extracted and employed to calculate the Neoclassical Canons and Phi. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted to compare mean measurements across 6 ethnic groups (P < 0.05). Results Twenty-seven articles were included. Every continent was represented except Antarctica and Australia. Men were less commonly studied than women. Participant ages ranged from 16 to 56. Averaged Canons 2, 6-8 measurements had significant interethnic differences in males, whereas Canons 5-8 had significant differences across ethnicities in females. For men, there was significant interethnic variability in measurements of Phi 2, 5, 8, 10, and 17. For women, Phi 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, and 17 varied across ethnicities. No ethnic/gender group showed consistent approximation of the “ideal” for both the Neoclassical Canons and Phi. Conclusions Today, the utility of the Neoclassical Canons and Phi is limited. It is incumbent on our field to systematically study and define the anthropometric measures that define the “ideal.” |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Khoshab, Nima Donnelly, Megan R Sayadi, Lohrasb R Vyas, Raj M Banyard, Derek A |
spellingShingle |
Khoshab, Nima Donnelly, Megan R Sayadi, Lohrasb R Vyas, Raj M Banyard, Derek A Historical Tools of Anthropometric Facial Assessment: A Systematic Raw Data Analysis on the Applicability of the Neoclassical Canons and Golden Ratio |
author_facet |
Khoshab, Nima Donnelly, Megan R Sayadi, Lohrasb R Vyas, Raj M Banyard, Derek A |
author_sort |
Khoshab, Nima |
title |
Historical Tools of Anthropometric Facial Assessment: A Systematic Raw Data Analysis on the Applicability of the Neoclassical Canons and Golden Ratio |
title_short |
Historical Tools of Anthropometric Facial Assessment: A Systematic Raw Data Analysis on the Applicability of the Neoclassical Canons and Golden Ratio |
title_full |
Historical Tools of Anthropometric Facial Assessment: A Systematic Raw Data Analysis on the Applicability of the Neoclassical Canons and Golden Ratio |
title_fullStr |
Historical Tools of Anthropometric Facial Assessment: A Systematic Raw Data Analysis on the Applicability of the Neoclassical Canons and Golden Ratio |
title_full_unstemmed |
Historical Tools of Anthropometric Facial Assessment: A Systematic Raw Data Analysis on the Applicability of the Neoclassical Canons and Golden Ratio |
title_sort |
historical tools of anthropometric facial assessment: a systematic raw data analysis on the applicability of the neoclassical canons and golden ratio |
publisher |
Oxford University Press (OUP) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjab339 https://academic.oup.com/asj/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/asj/sjab339/41149425/sjab339.pdf https://academic.oup.com/asj/article-pdf/42/1/NP1/47234721/sjab339.pdf |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_source |
Aesthetic Surgery Journal volume 42, issue 1, page NP1-NP10 ISSN 1090-820X 1527-330X |
op_rights |
https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjab339 |
container_title |
Aesthetic Surgery Journal |
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1810492447759794176 |