The diverse diaspora of CAM: a pole-to-pole sketch
Abstract Background Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis is a successful adaptation that has evolved often in angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns and lycophytes. Present in ~5 % of vascular plants, the CAM diaspora includes all continents apart from Antarctica. Species with CAM inhabit most...
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croxfordunivpr:10.1093/aob/mcad067 2024-04-28T07:57:22+00:00 The diverse diaspora of CAM: a pole-to-pole sketch Holtum, Joseph A M 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad067 https://academic.oup.com/aob/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/aob/mcad067/53899752/mcad067.pdf https://academic.oup.com/aob/article-pdf/132/4/597/56315779/mcad067.pdf en eng Oxford University Press (OUP) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Annals of Botany volume 132, issue 4, page 597-625 ISSN 0305-7364 1095-8290 Plant Science journal-article 2023 croxfordunivpr https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad067 2024-04-02T08:01:57Z Abstract Background Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis is a successful adaptation that has evolved often in angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns and lycophytes. Present in ~5 % of vascular plants, the CAM diaspora includes all continents apart from Antarctica. Species with CAM inhabit most landscapes colonized by vascular plants, from the Arctic Circle to Tierra del Fuego, from below sea level to 4800 m a.s.l., from rainforests to deserts. They have colonized terrestrial, epiphytic, lithophytic, palustrine and aquatic systems, developing perennial, annual or geophyte strategies that can be structurally arborescent, shrub, forb, cladode, epiphyte, vine or leafless with photosynthetic roots. CAM can enhance survival by conserving water, trapping carbon, reducing carbon loss and/or via photoprotection. Scope This review assesses the phylogenetic diversity and historical biogeography of selected lineages with CAM, i.e. ferns, gymnosperms and eumagnoliids, Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Aizoaceae, Portulacineae (Montiaceae, Basellaceae, Halophytaceae, Didiereaceae, Talinaceae, Portulacaceae, Anacampserotaceae and Cactaceae) and aquatics. Conclusions Most extant CAM lineages diversified after the Oligocene/Miocene, as the planet dried and CO2 concentrations dropped. Radiations exploited changing ecological landscapes, including Andean emergence, Panamanian Isthmus closure, Sundaland emergence and submergence, changing climates and desertification. Evidence remains sparse for or against theories that CAM biochemistry tends to evolve before pronounced changes in anatomy and that CAM tends to be a culminating xerophytic trait. In perennial taxa, any form of CAM can occur depending upon the lineage and the habitat, although facultative CAM appears uncommon in epiphytes. CAM annuals lack strong CAM. In CAM annuals, C3 + CAM predominates, and inducible or facultative CAM is common. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Arctic Tierra del Fuego Oxford University Press Annals of Botany |
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Plant Science |
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Plant Science Holtum, Joseph A M The diverse diaspora of CAM: a pole-to-pole sketch |
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Plant Science |
description |
Abstract Background Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis is a successful adaptation that has evolved often in angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns and lycophytes. Present in ~5 % of vascular plants, the CAM diaspora includes all continents apart from Antarctica. Species with CAM inhabit most landscapes colonized by vascular plants, from the Arctic Circle to Tierra del Fuego, from below sea level to 4800 m a.s.l., from rainforests to deserts. They have colonized terrestrial, epiphytic, lithophytic, palustrine and aquatic systems, developing perennial, annual or geophyte strategies that can be structurally arborescent, shrub, forb, cladode, epiphyte, vine or leafless with photosynthetic roots. CAM can enhance survival by conserving water, trapping carbon, reducing carbon loss and/or via photoprotection. Scope This review assesses the phylogenetic diversity and historical biogeography of selected lineages with CAM, i.e. ferns, gymnosperms and eumagnoliids, Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Aizoaceae, Portulacineae (Montiaceae, Basellaceae, Halophytaceae, Didiereaceae, Talinaceae, Portulacaceae, Anacampserotaceae and Cactaceae) and aquatics. Conclusions Most extant CAM lineages diversified after the Oligocene/Miocene, as the planet dried and CO2 concentrations dropped. Radiations exploited changing ecological landscapes, including Andean emergence, Panamanian Isthmus closure, Sundaland emergence and submergence, changing climates and desertification. Evidence remains sparse for or against theories that CAM biochemistry tends to evolve before pronounced changes in anatomy and that CAM tends to be a culminating xerophytic trait. In perennial taxa, any form of CAM can occur depending upon the lineage and the habitat, although facultative CAM appears uncommon in epiphytes. CAM annuals lack strong CAM. In CAM annuals, C3 + CAM predominates, and inducible or facultative CAM is common. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Holtum, Joseph A M |
author_facet |
Holtum, Joseph A M |
author_sort |
Holtum, Joseph A M |
title |
The diverse diaspora of CAM: a pole-to-pole sketch |
title_short |
The diverse diaspora of CAM: a pole-to-pole sketch |
title_full |
The diverse diaspora of CAM: a pole-to-pole sketch |
title_fullStr |
The diverse diaspora of CAM: a pole-to-pole sketch |
title_full_unstemmed |
The diverse diaspora of CAM: a pole-to-pole sketch |
title_sort |
diverse diaspora of cam: a pole-to-pole sketch |
publisher |
Oxford University Press (OUP) |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad067 https://academic.oup.com/aob/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/aob/mcad067/53899752/mcad067.pdf https://academic.oup.com/aob/article-pdf/132/4/597/56315779/mcad067.pdf |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Arctic Tierra del Fuego |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Arctic Tierra del Fuego |
op_source |
Annals of Botany volume 132, issue 4, page 597-625 ISSN 0305-7364 1095-8290 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad067 |
container_title |
Annals of Botany |
_version_ |
1797588234394402816 |