Seasonal patterns in Arctic prasinophytes and inferred ecology of Bathycoccus unveiled in an Arctic winter metagenome
Abstract Prasinophytes occur in all oceans but rarely dominate phytoplankton populations. In contrast, a single ecotype of the prasinophyte Micromonas is frequently the most abundant photosynthetic taxon reported in the Arctic from summer through autumn. However, seasonal dynamics of prasinophytes o...
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2017
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croxfordunivpr:10.1038/ismej.2017.7 2024-10-06T13:42:03+00:00 Seasonal patterns in Arctic prasinophytes and inferred ecology of Bathycoccus unveiled in an Arctic winter metagenome Joli, Nathalie Monier, Adam Logares, Ramiro Lovejoy, Connie 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.7 http://www.nature.com/articles/ismej20177.pdf http://www.nature.com/articles/ismej20177 https://academic.oup.com/ismej/article-pdf/11/6/1372/56141062/41396_2017_article_bfismej20177.pdf en eng Oxford University Press (OUP) https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights http://www.springer.com/tdm The ISME Journal volume 11, issue 6, page 1372-1385 ISSN 1751-7362 1751-7370 journal-article 2017 croxfordunivpr https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.7 2024-09-10T04:15:15Z Abstract Prasinophytes occur in all oceans but rarely dominate phytoplankton populations. In contrast, a single ecotype of the prasinophyte Micromonas is frequently the most abundant photosynthetic taxon reported in the Arctic from summer through autumn. However, seasonal dynamics of prasinophytes outside of this period are little known. To address this, we analyzed high-throughput V4 18S rRNA amplicon data collected from November to July in the Amundsen Gulf Region, Beaufort Sea, Arctic. Surprisingly during polar sunset in November and December, we found a high proportion of reads from both DNA and RNA belonging to another prasinophyte, Bathycoccus. We then analyzed a metagenome from a December sample and the resulting Bathycoccus metagenome assembled genome (MAG) covered ~90% of the Bathycoccus Ban7 reference genome. In contrast, only ~20% of a reference Micromonas genome was found in the metagenome. Our phylogenetic analysis of marker genes placed the Arctic Bathycoccus in the B1 coastal clade. In addition, substitution rates of 129 coding DNA sequences were ~1.6% divergent between the Arctic MAG and coastal Chilean upwelling MAGs and 17.3% between it and a South East Atlantic open ocean MAG in the B2 Clade. The metagenomic analysis also revealed a winter viral community highly skewed toward viruses targeting Micromonas, with a much lower diversity of viruses targeting Bathycoccus. Overall a combination of Micromonas being relatively less able to maintain activity under dark winter conditions and viral suppression of Micromonas may have contributed to the success of Bathycoccus in the Amundsen Gulf during winter. Article in Journal/Newspaper Amundsen Gulf Arctic Beaufort Sea Phytoplankton Oxford University Press Arctic The ISME Journal 11 6 1372 1385 |
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Open Polar |
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Oxford University Press |
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croxfordunivpr |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Prasinophytes occur in all oceans but rarely dominate phytoplankton populations. In contrast, a single ecotype of the prasinophyte Micromonas is frequently the most abundant photosynthetic taxon reported in the Arctic from summer through autumn. However, seasonal dynamics of prasinophytes outside of this period are little known. To address this, we analyzed high-throughput V4 18S rRNA amplicon data collected from November to July in the Amundsen Gulf Region, Beaufort Sea, Arctic. Surprisingly during polar sunset in November and December, we found a high proportion of reads from both DNA and RNA belonging to another prasinophyte, Bathycoccus. We then analyzed a metagenome from a December sample and the resulting Bathycoccus metagenome assembled genome (MAG) covered ~90% of the Bathycoccus Ban7 reference genome. In contrast, only ~20% of a reference Micromonas genome was found in the metagenome. Our phylogenetic analysis of marker genes placed the Arctic Bathycoccus in the B1 coastal clade. In addition, substitution rates of 129 coding DNA sequences were ~1.6% divergent between the Arctic MAG and coastal Chilean upwelling MAGs and 17.3% between it and a South East Atlantic open ocean MAG in the B2 Clade. The metagenomic analysis also revealed a winter viral community highly skewed toward viruses targeting Micromonas, with a much lower diversity of viruses targeting Bathycoccus. Overall a combination of Micromonas being relatively less able to maintain activity under dark winter conditions and viral suppression of Micromonas may have contributed to the success of Bathycoccus in the Amundsen Gulf during winter. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Joli, Nathalie Monier, Adam Logares, Ramiro Lovejoy, Connie |
spellingShingle |
Joli, Nathalie Monier, Adam Logares, Ramiro Lovejoy, Connie Seasonal patterns in Arctic prasinophytes and inferred ecology of Bathycoccus unveiled in an Arctic winter metagenome |
author_facet |
Joli, Nathalie Monier, Adam Logares, Ramiro Lovejoy, Connie |
author_sort |
Joli, Nathalie |
title |
Seasonal patterns in Arctic prasinophytes and inferred ecology of Bathycoccus unveiled in an Arctic winter metagenome |
title_short |
Seasonal patterns in Arctic prasinophytes and inferred ecology of Bathycoccus unveiled in an Arctic winter metagenome |
title_full |
Seasonal patterns in Arctic prasinophytes and inferred ecology of Bathycoccus unveiled in an Arctic winter metagenome |
title_fullStr |
Seasonal patterns in Arctic prasinophytes and inferred ecology of Bathycoccus unveiled in an Arctic winter metagenome |
title_full_unstemmed |
Seasonal patterns in Arctic prasinophytes and inferred ecology of Bathycoccus unveiled in an Arctic winter metagenome |
title_sort |
seasonal patterns in arctic prasinophytes and inferred ecology of bathycoccus unveiled in an arctic winter metagenome |
publisher |
Oxford University Press (OUP) |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.7 http://www.nature.com/articles/ismej20177.pdf http://www.nature.com/articles/ismej20177 https://academic.oup.com/ismej/article-pdf/11/6/1372/56141062/41396_2017_article_bfismej20177.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Amundsen Gulf Arctic Beaufort Sea Phytoplankton |
genre_facet |
Amundsen Gulf Arctic Beaufort Sea Phytoplankton |
op_source |
The ISME Journal volume 11, issue 6, page 1372-1385 ISSN 1751-7362 1751-7370 |
op_rights |
https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights http://www.springer.com/tdm |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.7 |
container_title |
The ISME Journal |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
1372 |
op_container_end_page |
1385 |
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1812173370580533248 |