Impacts of Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Smoking on Femoral Bone Loss: The Tromsø Study
ABSTRACT Bone mineral density (BMD) is a reflection of bone strength and lifestyles that preserve bone mass and may reduce fracture risk in old age. This study examined the effect of combined profiles of smoking, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) on lifetime bone loss. Data were collected...
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croxfordunivpr:10.1002/jbmr.2232 2024-03-03T08:49:11+00:00 Impacts of Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Smoking on Femoral Bone Loss: The Tromsø Study Emaus, Nina Wilsgaard, Tom Ahmed, Luai Awad 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2232 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjbmr.2232 https://academic.oup.com/jbmr/article-pdf/29/9/2080/56564936/jbmr2232.pdf en eng Oxford University Press (OUP) https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model Journal of Bone and Mineral Research volume 29, issue 9, page 2080-2089 ISSN 0884-0431 1523-4681 Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism journal-article 2014 croxfordunivpr https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2232 2024-02-05T10:35:12Z ABSTRACT Bone mineral density (BMD) is a reflection of bone strength and lifestyles that preserve bone mass and may reduce fracture risk in old age. This study examined the effect of combined profiles of smoking, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) on lifetime bone loss. Data were collected from the population-based Tromsø Study. BMD was measured as g/cm2 by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the total hip and femoral neck in 2580 women and 2084 men aged 30 to 80 years in the 2001–02 survey, and repeated in 1401 women and 1113 men in the 2007–08 survey. Height and weight were measured and lifestyle information was collected through questionnaires. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models with second-degree fractional polynomials. From the peak at the age around 40 years to 80 years of age, loss rates varied between 4% at the total hip and 14% at femoral neck in nonsmoking, physically active men with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 to approximately 30% at both femoral sites in heavy smoking, physically inactive men with a BMI value of 18 kg/m2. In women also, loss rates of more than 30% were estimated in the lifestyle groups with a BMI value of 18 kg/m2. BMI had the strongest effect on BMD, especially in the oldest age groups, but a BMI above 30 kg/m2 did not exert any additional effect compared with the population average BMI of 27 kg/m2. At the age of 80 years, a lifestyle of moderate BMI to light overweight, smoking avoidance, and physical activity of 4 hours of vigorous activity per week through adult life may result in 1 to 2 standard deviations higher BMD levels compared with a lifestyle marked by heavy smoking, inactivity, and low weight. In the prevention of osteoporosis and fracture risk, the effect of combined lifestyles through adult life should be highlighted. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. Article in Journal/Newspaper Tromsø Oxford University Press Tromsø Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 29 9 2080 2089 |
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Oxford University Press |
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language |
English |
topic |
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism |
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Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Emaus, Nina Wilsgaard, Tom Ahmed, Luai Awad Impacts of Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Smoking on Femoral Bone Loss: The Tromsø Study |
topic_facet |
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism |
description |
ABSTRACT Bone mineral density (BMD) is a reflection of bone strength and lifestyles that preserve bone mass and may reduce fracture risk in old age. This study examined the effect of combined profiles of smoking, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) on lifetime bone loss. Data were collected from the population-based Tromsø Study. BMD was measured as g/cm2 by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the total hip and femoral neck in 2580 women and 2084 men aged 30 to 80 years in the 2001–02 survey, and repeated in 1401 women and 1113 men in the 2007–08 survey. Height and weight were measured and lifestyle information was collected through questionnaires. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models with second-degree fractional polynomials. From the peak at the age around 40 years to 80 years of age, loss rates varied between 4% at the total hip and 14% at femoral neck in nonsmoking, physically active men with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 to approximately 30% at both femoral sites in heavy smoking, physically inactive men with a BMI value of 18 kg/m2. In women also, loss rates of more than 30% were estimated in the lifestyle groups with a BMI value of 18 kg/m2. BMI had the strongest effect on BMD, especially in the oldest age groups, but a BMI above 30 kg/m2 did not exert any additional effect compared with the population average BMI of 27 kg/m2. At the age of 80 years, a lifestyle of moderate BMI to light overweight, smoking avoidance, and physical activity of 4 hours of vigorous activity per week through adult life may result in 1 to 2 standard deviations higher BMD levels compared with a lifestyle marked by heavy smoking, inactivity, and low weight. In the prevention of osteoporosis and fracture risk, the effect of combined lifestyles through adult life should be highlighted. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Emaus, Nina Wilsgaard, Tom Ahmed, Luai Awad |
author_facet |
Emaus, Nina Wilsgaard, Tom Ahmed, Luai Awad |
author_sort |
Emaus, Nina |
title |
Impacts of Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Smoking on Femoral Bone Loss: The Tromsø Study |
title_short |
Impacts of Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Smoking on Femoral Bone Loss: The Tromsø Study |
title_full |
Impacts of Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Smoking on Femoral Bone Loss: The Tromsø Study |
title_fullStr |
Impacts of Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Smoking on Femoral Bone Loss: The Tromsø Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impacts of Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Smoking on Femoral Bone Loss: The Tromsø Study |
title_sort |
impacts of body mass index, physical activity, and smoking on femoral bone loss: the tromsø study |
publisher |
Oxford University Press (OUP) |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2232 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjbmr.2232 https://academic.oup.com/jbmr/article-pdf/29/9/2080/56564936/jbmr2232.pdf |
geographic |
Tromsø |
geographic_facet |
Tromsø |
genre |
Tromsø |
genre_facet |
Tromsø |
op_source |
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research volume 29, issue 9, page 2080-2089 ISSN 0884-0431 1523-4681 |
op_rights |
https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2232 |
container_title |
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research |
container_volume |
29 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
2080 |
op_container_end_page |
2089 |
_version_ |
1792506351839084544 |