Sex Differences in the Relationship of Risk Factors to Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis Measured 15 Years Later
Background and Purpose —Ultrasound measurement of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is regarded as a valid index of atherosclerosis. Determinants of IMT in cross-sectional studies have been established, but the long-term relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical athe...
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crovidcr:10.1161/01.str.31.3.574 2024-09-15T18:39:23+00:00 Sex Differences in the Relationship of Risk Factors to Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis Measured 15 Years Later The Tromsø Study Stensland-Bugge, Eva Bønaa, Kaare H. Joakimsen, Oddmund Njølstad, Inger 2000 http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.31.3.574 https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.STR.31.3.574 en eng Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) Stroke volume 31, issue 3, page 574-581 ISSN 0039-2499 1524-4628 journal-article 2000 crovidcr https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.31.3.574 2024-08-27T04:13:28Z Background and Purpose —Ultrasound measurement of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is regarded as a valid index of atherosclerosis. Determinants of IMT in cross-sectional studies have been established, but the long-term relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis has not been investigated thoroughly. Methods —We included in the study 3128 middle-aged men and women in Tromsø, Norway, who in 1980 attended the baseline examination with measurements of cardiovascular risk factors and who underwent carotid ultrasonography after 15 years of follow-up. Results —Age, blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and body mass index were independent long-term predictors of IMT in both men and women. Triglyceride levels were associated with an increase in IMT in women only, while physical activity and smoking were predictors of IMT in men only. However, smoking was associated with increased risk of having atherosclerotic plaque in both men and women. There were no differences in the strength of risk factor effects on IMT in the common carotid artery and the carotid bifurcation. Conclusions —The present study indicates that established cardiovascular risk factors are independent predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis measured after 15 years of follow-up. However, there may be significant sex differences in the relationship between triglycerides, smoking, and physical activity and the risk of atherosclerosis. Article in Journal/Newspaper Tromsø Ovid Stroke 31 3 574 581 |
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Background and Purpose —Ultrasound measurement of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is regarded as a valid index of atherosclerosis. Determinants of IMT in cross-sectional studies have been established, but the long-term relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis has not been investigated thoroughly. Methods —We included in the study 3128 middle-aged men and women in Tromsø, Norway, who in 1980 attended the baseline examination with measurements of cardiovascular risk factors and who underwent carotid ultrasonography after 15 years of follow-up. Results —Age, blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and body mass index were independent long-term predictors of IMT in both men and women. Triglyceride levels were associated with an increase in IMT in women only, while physical activity and smoking were predictors of IMT in men only. However, smoking was associated with increased risk of having atherosclerotic plaque in both men and women. There were no differences in the strength of risk factor effects on IMT in the common carotid artery and the carotid bifurcation. Conclusions —The present study indicates that established cardiovascular risk factors are independent predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis measured after 15 years of follow-up. However, there may be significant sex differences in the relationship between triglycerides, smoking, and physical activity and the risk of atherosclerosis. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Stensland-Bugge, Eva Bønaa, Kaare H. Joakimsen, Oddmund Njølstad, Inger |
spellingShingle |
Stensland-Bugge, Eva Bønaa, Kaare H. Joakimsen, Oddmund Njølstad, Inger Sex Differences in the Relationship of Risk Factors to Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis Measured 15 Years Later |
author_facet |
Stensland-Bugge, Eva Bønaa, Kaare H. Joakimsen, Oddmund Njølstad, Inger |
author_sort |
Stensland-Bugge, Eva |
title |
Sex Differences in the Relationship of Risk Factors to Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis Measured 15 Years Later |
title_short |
Sex Differences in the Relationship of Risk Factors to Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis Measured 15 Years Later |
title_full |
Sex Differences in the Relationship of Risk Factors to Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis Measured 15 Years Later |
title_fullStr |
Sex Differences in the Relationship of Risk Factors to Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis Measured 15 Years Later |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sex Differences in the Relationship of Risk Factors to Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis Measured 15 Years Later |
title_sort |
sex differences in the relationship of risk factors to subclinical carotid atherosclerosis measured 15 years later |
publisher |
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) |
publishDate |
2000 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.31.3.574 https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.STR.31.3.574 |
genre |
Tromsø |
genre_facet |
Tromsø |
op_source |
Stroke volume 31, issue 3, page 574-581 ISSN 0039-2499 1524-4628 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.31.3.574 |
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Stroke |
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31 |
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574 |
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581 |
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1810483769731186688 |