Rapid high-latitude cooling in the southeastern Pacific sector driven by North Atlantic warming during 1979–2013 in CESM1
Abstract During the 1979–2013 satellite observation period, the sea surface temperature (SST) has cooled substantially in the high-latitude Southern Ocean, with the most pronounced cooling tendency centered in the southeastern Pacific domain. Previous hypotheses have commonly ascribed the recent Sou...
Published in: | Environmental Research Letters |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad4b45 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad4b45 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad4b45/pdf |
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crioppubl:10.1088/1748-9326/ad4b45 2024-06-23T07:45:28+00:00 Rapid high-latitude cooling in the southeastern Pacific sector driven by North Atlantic warming during 1979–2013 in CESM1 Yao, Shuai-Lei Wu, Renguang Wang, Pengfei Chen, Shangfeng Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences National Key R&D Program for Developing Basic Sciences National Science Foundation of China National Science Foundation of China 2024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad4b45 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad4b45 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad4b45/pdf unknown IOP Publishing http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining Environmental Research Letters volume 19, issue 6, page 064025 ISSN 1748-9326 journal-article 2024 crioppubl https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad4b45 2024-05-27T13:03:36Z Abstract During the 1979–2013 satellite observation period, the sea surface temperature (SST) has cooled substantially in the high-latitude Southern Ocean, with the most pronounced cooling tendency centered in the southeastern Pacific domain. Previous hypotheses have commonly ascribed the recent Southern Ocean cooling to either the tropical eastern Pacific cooling or North Atlantic and tropical Indian Ocean SST warming. However, the mechanisms underpinning significant cooling in the southeastern Pacific sector remain debatable. By diagnosing three pacemaker experiments with a state-of-the-art global climate model in which SSTs in the North Atlantic, tropical central-eastern Pacific, and tropical Indian Ocean-western Pacific are individually nudged to mimic the observed trajectory, we show that the North Atlantic dominates in the cold SST response of the southeastern Pacific sector during 1979–2013. Anomalous North Atlantic warming initiates a quasi-stationary Rossby wave response to a south-to-north cross-equatorial Hadley circulation strengthening, leading to an enhanced Amundsen Sea Low. As a result, due primarily to the increased low-level marine cloud cover, the net surface shortwave radiation reduction triggers rapid SST cooling in the southeastern Pacific domain. The southeastern Pacific cold SST anomalies are further maintained via the shortwave radiation-low-cloud-SST positive feedback on decadal timescales. Our results suggest that the shortwave radiation-low-cloud SST feedback is fundamental to the observed long-term cooling of the high-latitude Southern Ocean, with profound climate consequences worldwide. Article in Journal/Newspaper Amundsen Sea North Atlantic Southern Ocean IOP Publishing Amundsen Sea Indian Pacific Southern Ocean Environmental Research Letters 19 6 064025 |
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Abstract During the 1979–2013 satellite observation period, the sea surface temperature (SST) has cooled substantially in the high-latitude Southern Ocean, with the most pronounced cooling tendency centered in the southeastern Pacific domain. Previous hypotheses have commonly ascribed the recent Southern Ocean cooling to either the tropical eastern Pacific cooling or North Atlantic and tropical Indian Ocean SST warming. However, the mechanisms underpinning significant cooling in the southeastern Pacific sector remain debatable. By diagnosing three pacemaker experiments with a state-of-the-art global climate model in which SSTs in the North Atlantic, tropical central-eastern Pacific, and tropical Indian Ocean-western Pacific are individually nudged to mimic the observed trajectory, we show that the North Atlantic dominates in the cold SST response of the southeastern Pacific sector during 1979–2013. Anomalous North Atlantic warming initiates a quasi-stationary Rossby wave response to a south-to-north cross-equatorial Hadley circulation strengthening, leading to an enhanced Amundsen Sea Low. As a result, due primarily to the increased low-level marine cloud cover, the net surface shortwave radiation reduction triggers rapid SST cooling in the southeastern Pacific domain. The southeastern Pacific cold SST anomalies are further maintained via the shortwave radiation-low-cloud-SST positive feedback on decadal timescales. Our results suggest that the shortwave radiation-low-cloud SST feedback is fundamental to the observed long-term cooling of the high-latitude Southern Ocean, with profound climate consequences worldwide. |
author2 |
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences National Key R&D Program for Developing Basic Sciences National Science Foundation of China National Science Foundation of China |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Yao, Shuai-Lei Wu, Renguang Wang, Pengfei Chen, Shangfeng |
spellingShingle |
Yao, Shuai-Lei Wu, Renguang Wang, Pengfei Chen, Shangfeng Rapid high-latitude cooling in the southeastern Pacific sector driven by North Atlantic warming during 1979–2013 in CESM1 |
author_facet |
Yao, Shuai-Lei Wu, Renguang Wang, Pengfei Chen, Shangfeng |
author_sort |
Yao, Shuai-Lei |
title |
Rapid high-latitude cooling in the southeastern Pacific sector driven by North Atlantic warming during 1979–2013 in CESM1 |
title_short |
Rapid high-latitude cooling in the southeastern Pacific sector driven by North Atlantic warming during 1979–2013 in CESM1 |
title_full |
Rapid high-latitude cooling in the southeastern Pacific sector driven by North Atlantic warming during 1979–2013 in CESM1 |
title_fullStr |
Rapid high-latitude cooling in the southeastern Pacific sector driven by North Atlantic warming during 1979–2013 in CESM1 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Rapid high-latitude cooling in the southeastern Pacific sector driven by North Atlantic warming during 1979–2013 in CESM1 |
title_sort |
rapid high-latitude cooling in the southeastern pacific sector driven by north atlantic warming during 1979–2013 in cesm1 |
publisher |
IOP Publishing |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad4b45 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad4b45 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad4b45/pdf |
geographic |
Amundsen Sea Indian Pacific Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Amundsen Sea Indian Pacific Southern Ocean |
genre |
Amundsen Sea North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Amundsen Sea North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Environmental Research Letters volume 19, issue 6, page 064025 ISSN 1748-9326 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad4b45 |
container_title |
Environmental Research Letters |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
064025 |
_version_ |
1802639854269366272 |