What goes in must come out: the oceanic outgassing of anthropogenic carbon
Abstract About 25% of the emitted anthropogenic CO 2 is absorbed by the ocean and transported to the interior through key gateways, such as the Southern Ocean or the North Atlantic. Over the next few centuries, anthropogenic CO 2 is then redistributed by ocean circulation and stored mostly in the up...
Published in: | Environmental Research Letters |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad16e0 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad16e0 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad16e0/pdf |
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crioppubl:10.1088/1748-9326/ad16e0 2024-06-02T08:11:33+00:00 What goes in must come out: the oceanic outgassing of anthropogenic carbon Couespel, Damien Tjiputra, Jerry HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council Norges Forskningsråd 2024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad16e0 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad16e0 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad16e0/pdf unknown IOP Publishing http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining Environmental Research Letters volume 19, issue 1, page 014086 ISSN 1748-9326 journal-article 2024 crioppubl https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad16e0 2024-05-07T14:04:57Z Abstract About 25% of the emitted anthropogenic CO 2 is absorbed by the ocean and transported to the interior through key gateways, such as the Southern Ocean or the North Atlantic. Over the next few centuries, anthropogenic CO 2 is then redistributed by ocean circulation and stored mostly in the upper layers of the subtropical gyres. Because of the combined effects of (i) weakening buffering capacity, (ii) warming-induced lower solubility, (iii) changes in wind stress and (iv) changes in ocean circulation, there is a high confidence that the ocean sink will weaken in the future. Here, we use IPCC-class Earth System Model (ESM) simulations following the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 climate change scenarios extended to the year 2300 to reveal that anthropogenic CO 2 begins to outgas in the subtropical gyres of both hemispheres during the summer months of the 21st century. In 2100, about 53% of the surface ocean experience outgassing at least one month in a year in SSP1-2.6, against 37% in SSP5-8.5. After 2100, this fraction keeps increasing, reaching 63% by 2300 in SSP5-8.5 while stabilizing at 55% in SSP1-2.6. This outgassing pattern is driven by the rapid increase in oceanic pCO 2 , faster than the atmospheric pCO 2 , due to the combined effect of both rapid warming and long-term accumulation of anthropogenic carbon in these regions. These findings call for increased observation efforts in these areas, particularly in the subtropical gyres of the Southern Hemisphere, in order to detect future release of anthropogenic carbon and accurately constrain the future carbon budget. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Southern Ocean IOP Publishing Southern Ocean Environmental Research Letters |
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Abstract About 25% of the emitted anthropogenic CO 2 is absorbed by the ocean and transported to the interior through key gateways, such as the Southern Ocean or the North Atlantic. Over the next few centuries, anthropogenic CO 2 is then redistributed by ocean circulation and stored mostly in the upper layers of the subtropical gyres. Because of the combined effects of (i) weakening buffering capacity, (ii) warming-induced lower solubility, (iii) changes in wind stress and (iv) changes in ocean circulation, there is a high confidence that the ocean sink will weaken in the future. Here, we use IPCC-class Earth System Model (ESM) simulations following the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 climate change scenarios extended to the year 2300 to reveal that anthropogenic CO 2 begins to outgas in the subtropical gyres of both hemispheres during the summer months of the 21st century. In 2100, about 53% of the surface ocean experience outgassing at least one month in a year in SSP1-2.6, against 37% in SSP5-8.5. After 2100, this fraction keeps increasing, reaching 63% by 2300 in SSP5-8.5 while stabilizing at 55% in SSP1-2.6. This outgassing pattern is driven by the rapid increase in oceanic pCO 2 , faster than the atmospheric pCO 2 , due to the combined effect of both rapid warming and long-term accumulation of anthropogenic carbon in these regions. These findings call for increased observation efforts in these areas, particularly in the subtropical gyres of the Southern Hemisphere, in order to detect future release of anthropogenic carbon and accurately constrain the future carbon budget. |
author2 |
HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council Norges Forskningsråd |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Couespel, Damien Tjiputra, Jerry |
spellingShingle |
Couespel, Damien Tjiputra, Jerry What goes in must come out: the oceanic outgassing of anthropogenic carbon |
author_facet |
Couespel, Damien Tjiputra, Jerry |
author_sort |
Couespel, Damien |
title |
What goes in must come out: the oceanic outgassing of anthropogenic carbon |
title_short |
What goes in must come out: the oceanic outgassing of anthropogenic carbon |
title_full |
What goes in must come out: the oceanic outgassing of anthropogenic carbon |
title_fullStr |
What goes in must come out: the oceanic outgassing of anthropogenic carbon |
title_full_unstemmed |
What goes in must come out: the oceanic outgassing of anthropogenic carbon |
title_sort |
what goes in must come out: the oceanic outgassing of anthropogenic carbon |
publisher |
IOP Publishing |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad16e0 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad16e0 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad16e0/pdf |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Environmental Research Letters volume 19, issue 1, page 014086 ISSN 1748-9326 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad16e0 |
container_title |
Environmental Research Letters |
_version_ |
1800757745274585088 |