Soil respiration strongly offsets carbon uptake in Alaska and Northwest Canada
Abstract Soil respiration (i.e. from soils and roots) provides one of the largest global fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to the atmosphere and is likely to increase with warming, yet the magnitude of soil respiration from rapidly thawing Arctic-boreal regions is not well understood. To address this...
Published in: | Environmental Research Letters |
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IOP Publishing
2021
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222/pdf |
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crioppubl:10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222 2024-06-23T07:50:47+00:00 Soil respiration strongly offsets carbon uptake in Alaska and Northwest Canada Watts, Jennifer D Natali, Susan M Minions, Christina Risk, Dave Arndt, Kyle Zona, Donatella Euskirchen, Eugénie S Rocha, Adrian V Sonnentag, Oliver Helbig, Manuel Kalhori, Aram Oechel, Walt Ikawa, Hiroki Ueyama, Masahito Suzuki, Rikie Kobayashi, Hideki Celis, Gerardo Schuur, Edward A G Humphreys, Elyn Kim, Yongwon Lee, Bang-Yong Goetz, Scott Madani, Nima Schiferl, Luke D Commane, Roisin Kimball, John S Liu, Zhihua Torn, Margaret S Potter, Stefano Wang, Jonathan A Jorgenson, M Torre Xiao, Jingfeng Li, Xing Edgar, Colin National Aeronautics and Space Administration Japan MEXT ArCS & ArCS II National Science Foundation Long Term Research in Environmental Biology, National Science Foundation Korea Polar Research Institute Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222/pdf unknown IOP Publishing http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining Environmental Research Letters volume 16, issue 8, page 084051 ISSN 1748-9326 journal-article 2021 crioppubl https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222 2024-06-03T08:15:03Z Abstract Soil respiration (i.e. from soils and roots) provides one of the largest global fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to the atmosphere and is likely to increase with warming, yet the magnitude of soil respiration from rapidly thawing Arctic-boreal regions is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we first compiled a new CO 2 flux database for permafrost-affected tundra and boreal ecosystems in Alaska and Northwest Canada. We then used the CO 2 database, multi-sensor satellite imagery, and random forest models to assess the regional magnitude of soil respiration. The flux database includes a new Soil Respiration Station network of chamber-based fluxes, and fluxes from eddy covariance towers. Our site-level data, spanning September 2016 to August 2017, revealed that the largest soil respiration emissions occurred during the summer (June–August) and that summer fluxes were higher in boreal sites (1.87 ± 0.67 g CO 2 –C m −2 d −1 ) relative to tundra (0.94 ± 0.4 g CO 2 –C m −2 d −1 ). We also observed considerable emissions (boreal: 0.24 ± 0.2 g CO 2 –C m −2 d −1 tundra: 0.18 ± 0.16 g CO 2 –C m −2 d −1 ) from soils during the winter (November–March) despite frozen surface conditions. Our model estimates indicated an annual region-wide loss from soil respiration of 591 ± 120 Tg CO 2 –C during the 2016–2017 period. Summer months contributed to 58% of the regional soil respiration, winter months contributed to 15%, and the shoulder months contributed to 27%. In total, soil respiration offset 54% of annual gross primary productivity (GPP) across the study domain. We also found that in tundra environments, transitional tundra/boreal ecotones, and in landscapes recently affected by fire, soil respiration often exceeded GPP, resulting in a net annual source of CO 2 to the atmosphere. As this region continues to warm, soil respiration may increasingly offset GPP, further amplifying global climate change. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Climate change permafrost Tundra Alaska IOP Publishing Arctic Canada Environmental Research Letters 16 8 084051 |
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IOP Publishing |
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unknown |
description |
Abstract Soil respiration (i.e. from soils and roots) provides one of the largest global fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to the atmosphere and is likely to increase with warming, yet the magnitude of soil respiration from rapidly thawing Arctic-boreal regions is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we first compiled a new CO 2 flux database for permafrost-affected tundra and boreal ecosystems in Alaska and Northwest Canada. We then used the CO 2 database, multi-sensor satellite imagery, and random forest models to assess the regional magnitude of soil respiration. The flux database includes a new Soil Respiration Station network of chamber-based fluxes, and fluxes from eddy covariance towers. Our site-level data, spanning September 2016 to August 2017, revealed that the largest soil respiration emissions occurred during the summer (June–August) and that summer fluxes were higher in boreal sites (1.87 ± 0.67 g CO 2 –C m −2 d −1 ) relative to tundra (0.94 ± 0.4 g CO 2 –C m −2 d −1 ). We also observed considerable emissions (boreal: 0.24 ± 0.2 g CO 2 –C m −2 d −1 tundra: 0.18 ± 0.16 g CO 2 –C m −2 d −1 ) from soils during the winter (November–March) despite frozen surface conditions. Our model estimates indicated an annual region-wide loss from soil respiration of 591 ± 120 Tg CO 2 –C during the 2016–2017 period. Summer months contributed to 58% of the regional soil respiration, winter months contributed to 15%, and the shoulder months contributed to 27%. In total, soil respiration offset 54% of annual gross primary productivity (GPP) across the study domain. We also found that in tundra environments, transitional tundra/boreal ecotones, and in landscapes recently affected by fire, soil respiration often exceeded GPP, resulting in a net annual source of CO 2 to the atmosphere. As this region continues to warm, soil respiration may increasingly offset GPP, further amplifying global climate change. |
author2 |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Japan MEXT ArCS & ArCS II National Science Foundation Long Term Research in Environmental Biology, National Science Foundation Korea Polar Research Institute Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Watts, Jennifer D Natali, Susan M Minions, Christina Risk, Dave Arndt, Kyle Zona, Donatella Euskirchen, Eugénie S Rocha, Adrian V Sonnentag, Oliver Helbig, Manuel Kalhori, Aram Oechel, Walt Ikawa, Hiroki Ueyama, Masahito Suzuki, Rikie Kobayashi, Hideki Celis, Gerardo Schuur, Edward A G Humphreys, Elyn Kim, Yongwon Lee, Bang-Yong Goetz, Scott Madani, Nima Schiferl, Luke D Commane, Roisin Kimball, John S Liu, Zhihua Torn, Margaret S Potter, Stefano Wang, Jonathan A Jorgenson, M Torre Xiao, Jingfeng Li, Xing Edgar, Colin |
spellingShingle |
Watts, Jennifer D Natali, Susan M Minions, Christina Risk, Dave Arndt, Kyle Zona, Donatella Euskirchen, Eugénie S Rocha, Adrian V Sonnentag, Oliver Helbig, Manuel Kalhori, Aram Oechel, Walt Ikawa, Hiroki Ueyama, Masahito Suzuki, Rikie Kobayashi, Hideki Celis, Gerardo Schuur, Edward A G Humphreys, Elyn Kim, Yongwon Lee, Bang-Yong Goetz, Scott Madani, Nima Schiferl, Luke D Commane, Roisin Kimball, John S Liu, Zhihua Torn, Margaret S Potter, Stefano Wang, Jonathan A Jorgenson, M Torre Xiao, Jingfeng Li, Xing Edgar, Colin Soil respiration strongly offsets carbon uptake in Alaska and Northwest Canada |
author_facet |
Watts, Jennifer D Natali, Susan M Minions, Christina Risk, Dave Arndt, Kyle Zona, Donatella Euskirchen, Eugénie S Rocha, Adrian V Sonnentag, Oliver Helbig, Manuel Kalhori, Aram Oechel, Walt Ikawa, Hiroki Ueyama, Masahito Suzuki, Rikie Kobayashi, Hideki Celis, Gerardo Schuur, Edward A G Humphreys, Elyn Kim, Yongwon Lee, Bang-Yong Goetz, Scott Madani, Nima Schiferl, Luke D Commane, Roisin Kimball, John S Liu, Zhihua Torn, Margaret S Potter, Stefano Wang, Jonathan A Jorgenson, M Torre Xiao, Jingfeng Li, Xing Edgar, Colin |
author_sort |
Watts, Jennifer D |
title |
Soil respiration strongly offsets carbon uptake in Alaska and Northwest Canada |
title_short |
Soil respiration strongly offsets carbon uptake in Alaska and Northwest Canada |
title_full |
Soil respiration strongly offsets carbon uptake in Alaska and Northwest Canada |
title_fullStr |
Soil respiration strongly offsets carbon uptake in Alaska and Northwest Canada |
title_full_unstemmed |
Soil respiration strongly offsets carbon uptake in Alaska and Northwest Canada |
title_sort |
soil respiration strongly offsets carbon uptake in alaska and northwest canada |
publisher |
IOP Publishing |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222/pdf |
geographic |
Arctic Canada |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada |
genre |
Arctic Climate change permafrost Tundra Alaska |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change permafrost Tundra Alaska |
op_source |
Environmental Research Letters volume 16, issue 8, page 084051 ISSN 1748-9326 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222 |
container_title |
Environmental Research Letters |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
084051 |
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1802641698878128128 |