Wind-driven rain load in Finland in present and future projected climates
Abstract The amount of wind-driven rain (WDR) has been shown to have a major effect on the different deterioration mechanisms of outdoor exposed structures. For example, in recent studies of Finnish existing concrete element buildings the amount of WDR has been shown to have strong correlation with...
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crioppubl:10.1088/1742-6596/2654/1/012012 2024-06-02T08:12:03+00:00 Wind-driven rain load in Finland in present and future projected climates Pakkala, Toni A. Lahdensivu, Jukka 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2654/1/012012 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2654/1/012012 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2654/1/012012/pdf unknown IOP Publishing http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining Journal of Physics: Conference Series volume 2654, issue 1, page 012012 ISSN 1742-6588 1742-6596 journal-article 2023 crioppubl https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2654/1/012012 2024-05-07T13:57:09Z Abstract The amount of wind-driven rain (WDR) has been shown to have a major effect on the different deterioration mechanisms of outdoor exposed structures. For example, in recent studies of Finnish existing concrete element buildings the amount of WDR has been shown to have strong correlation with the corrosion rate of reinforcements in carbonated concrete and the freeze-thaw damage of concrete. The latter can be related to all porous stone-based materials (e.g., bricks and mortars). In addition, the amount of WDR has a major effect on mould growth potential in different materials or structures sensitive to it. Thus, the effect of the amount of WDR in present climate has been studied comprehensively. In this study, the amount of WDR is calculated for a new 30-year period (1989-2018) presenting the present climate among with two future periods presenting 2050 and 2080 climates. In future climate projections, three different CMPI5 based scenarios are used: RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. All calculations take into account the wind directions and they are made for four different locations presenting Finland: coastal area, southern Finland, inland and northern Finland (Lapland). Based on the results, the WDR load in the form of rain or sleet is increasing in all locations and from every direction regardless of the used scenario. The highest relative increase is in inland and Lapland, though, the load is still significantly higher in coastal and southern parts of Finland. With all the scenarios the WDR load is still focusing on southern directions, but it will be more evenly divided for other directions than in present climate. In addition, the WDR load is increasing during autumn and wintertime, i.e., during the periods when in the latitudes the drying conditions are weak because of the lack of solar radiation and the high-level relative humidity. Article in Journal/Newspaper Northern Finland Lapland IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2654 1 012012 |
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Abstract The amount of wind-driven rain (WDR) has been shown to have a major effect on the different deterioration mechanisms of outdoor exposed structures. For example, in recent studies of Finnish existing concrete element buildings the amount of WDR has been shown to have strong correlation with the corrosion rate of reinforcements in carbonated concrete and the freeze-thaw damage of concrete. The latter can be related to all porous stone-based materials (e.g., bricks and mortars). In addition, the amount of WDR has a major effect on mould growth potential in different materials or structures sensitive to it. Thus, the effect of the amount of WDR in present climate has been studied comprehensively. In this study, the amount of WDR is calculated for a new 30-year period (1989-2018) presenting the present climate among with two future periods presenting 2050 and 2080 climates. In future climate projections, three different CMPI5 based scenarios are used: RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. All calculations take into account the wind directions and they are made for four different locations presenting Finland: coastal area, southern Finland, inland and northern Finland (Lapland). Based on the results, the WDR load in the form of rain or sleet is increasing in all locations and from every direction regardless of the used scenario. The highest relative increase is in inland and Lapland, though, the load is still significantly higher in coastal and southern parts of Finland. With all the scenarios the WDR load is still focusing on southern directions, but it will be more evenly divided for other directions than in present climate. In addition, the WDR load is increasing during autumn and wintertime, i.e., during the periods when in the latitudes the drying conditions are weak because of the lack of solar radiation and the high-level relative humidity. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pakkala, Toni A. Lahdensivu, Jukka |
spellingShingle |
Pakkala, Toni A. Lahdensivu, Jukka Wind-driven rain load in Finland in present and future projected climates |
author_facet |
Pakkala, Toni A. Lahdensivu, Jukka |
author_sort |
Pakkala, Toni A. |
title |
Wind-driven rain load in Finland in present and future projected climates |
title_short |
Wind-driven rain load in Finland in present and future projected climates |
title_full |
Wind-driven rain load in Finland in present and future projected climates |
title_fullStr |
Wind-driven rain load in Finland in present and future projected climates |
title_full_unstemmed |
Wind-driven rain load in Finland in present and future projected climates |
title_sort |
wind-driven rain load in finland in present and future projected climates |
publisher |
IOP Publishing |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2654/1/012012 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2654/1/012012 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2654/1/012012/pdf |
genre |
Northern Finland Lapland |
genre_facet |
Northern Finland Lapland |
op_source |
Journal of Physics: Conference Series volume 2654, issue 1, page 012012 ISSN 1742-6588 1742-6596 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2654/1/012012 |
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Journal of Physics: Conference Series |
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2654 |
container_issue |
1 |
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012012 |
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1800758377475735552 |