Dietary Transitions and Health Outcomes in Four Populations – Systematic Review
Importance Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancer were rare among non-western populations with traditional diets and lifestyles. As populations transitioned toward industrialized diets and lifestyles, NCDs developed. Objective We performe...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.748305 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.748305/full |
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crfrontiers:10.3389/fnut.2022.748305 2024-09-30T14:37:43+00:00 Dietary Transitions and Health Outcomes in Four Populations – Systematic Review Pressler, Mariel Devinsky, Julie Duster, Miranda Lee, Joyce H. Glick, Courtney S. Wiener, Samson Laze, Juliana Friedman, Daniel Roberts, Timothy Devinsky, Orrin Finding A Cure for Epilepsy and Seizures 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.748305 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.748305/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Nutrition volume 9 ISSN 2296-861X journal-article 2022 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.748305 2024-09-03T04:05:35Z Importance Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancer were rare among non-western populations with traditional diets and lifestyles. As populations transitioned toward industrialized diets and lifestyles, NCDs developed. Objective We performed a systematic literature review to examine the effects of diet and lifestyle transitions on NCDs. Evidence Review We identified 22 populations that underwent a nutrition transition, eleven of which had sufficient data. Of these, we chose four populations with diverse geographies, diets and lifestyles who underwent a dietary and lifestyle transition and explored the relationship between dietary changes and health outcomes. We excluded populations with features overlapping with selected populations or with complicating factors such as inadequate data, subgroups, and different study methodologies over different periods. The selected populations were Yemenite Jews, Tokelauans, Tanushimaru Japanese, and Maasai. We also review transition data from seven excluded populations (Pima, Navajo, Aboriginal Australians, South African Natal Indians and Zulu speakers, Inuit, and Hadza) to assess for bias. Findings The three groups that replaced saturated fats (SFA) from animal (Yemenite Jews, Maasai) or plants (Tokelau) with refined carbohydrates had negative health outcomes (e.g., increased obesity, diabetes, heart disease). Yemenites reduced SFA consumption by >40% post-transition but men's BMI increased 19% and diabetes increased ~40-fold. Tokelauans reduced fat, dramatically reduced SFA, and increased sugar intake: obesity and diabetes rose. The Tanushimaruans transitioned to more fats and less carbohydrates and used more anti-hypertensive medications; stroke and breast cancer declined while heart disease was stable. The Maasai transitioned to lower fat, SFA and higher carbohydrates and had increased BMI and diabetes. Similar patterns were observed in the seven other populations. Conclusion The nutrient category most ... Article in Journal/Newspaper inuit Frontiers (Publisher) Frontiers in Nutrition 9 |
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Importance Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancer were rare among non-western populations with traditional diets and lifestyles. As populations transitioned toward industrialized diets and lifestyles, NCDs developed. Objective We performed a systematic literature review to examine the effects of diet and lifestyle transitions on NCDs. Evidence Review We identified 22 populations that underwent a nutrition transition, eleven of which had sufficient data. Of these, we chose four populations with diverse geographies, diets and lifestyles who underwent a dietary and lifestyle transition and explored the relationship between dietary changes and health outcomes. We excluded populations with features overlapping with selected populations or with complicating factors such as inadequate data, subgroups, and different study methodologies over different periods. The selected populations were Yemenite Jews, Tokelauans, Tanushimaru Japanese, and Maasai. We also review transition data from seven excluded populations (Pima, Navajo, Aboriginal Australians, South African Natal Indians and Zulu speakers, Inuit, and Hadza) to assess for bias. Findings The three groups that replaced saturated fats (SFA) from animal (Yemenite Jews, Maasai) or plants (Tokelau) with refined carbohydrates had negative health outcomes (e.g., increased obesity, diabetes, heart disease). Yemenites reduced SFA consumption by >40% post-transition but men's BMI increased 19% and diabetes increased ~40-fold. Tokelauans reduced fat, dramatically reduced SFA, and increased sugar intake: obesity and diabetes rose. The Tanushimaruans transitioned to more fats and less carbohydrates and used more anti-hypertensive medications; stroke and breast cancer declined while heart disease was stable. The Maasai transitioned to lower fat, SFA and higher carbohydrates and had increased BMI and diabetes. Similar patterns were observed in the seven other populations. Conclusion The nutrient category most ... |
author2 |
Finding A Cure for Epilepsy and Seizures |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pressler, Mariel Devinsky, Julie Duster, Miranda Lee, Joyce H. Glick, Courtney S. Wiener, Samson Laze, Juliana Friedman, Daniel Roberts, Timothy Devinsky, Orrin |
spellingShingle |
Pressler, Mariel Devinsky, Julie Duster, Miranda Lee, Joyce H. Glick, Courtney S. Wiener, Samson Laze, Juliana Friedman, Daniel Roberts, Timothy Devinsky, Orrin Dietary Transitions and Health Outcomes in Four Populations – Systematic Review |
author_facet |
Pressler, Mariel Devinsky, Julie Duster, Miranda Lee, Joyce H. Glick, Courtney S. Wiener, Samson Laze, Juliana Friedman, Daniel Roberts, Timothy Devinsky, Orrin |
author_sort |
Pressler, Mariel |
title |
Dietary Transitions and Health Outcomes in Four Populations – Systematic Review |
title_short |
Dietary Transitions and Health Outcomes in Four Populations – Systematic Review |
title_full |
Dietary Transitions and Health Outcomes in Four Populations – Systematic Review |
title_fullStr |
Dietary Transitions and Health Outcomes in Four Populations – Systematic Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dietary Transitions and Health Outcomes in Four Populations – Systematic Review |
title_sort |
dietary transitions and health outcomes in four populations – systematic review |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.748305 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.748305/full |
genre |
inuit |
genre_facet |
inuit |
op_source |
Frontiers in Nutrition volume 9 ISSN 2296-861X |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.748305 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Nutrition |
container_volume |
9 |
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1811640506943275008 |