Permafrost Active Layer Microbes From Ny Ålesund, Svalbard (79�N) Show Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Metabolisms With Diverse Carbon-Degrading Enzymes
The active layer of permafrost in Ny Ålesund, Svalbard (79°N) around the Bayelva River in the Leirhaugen glacier moraine is measured as a small net carbon sink at the brink of becoming a carbon source. In many permafrost-dominating ecosystems, microbes in the active layers have been shown to drive o...
Published in: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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2022
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.757812 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.757812/full |
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crfrontiers:10.3389/fmicb.2021.757812 2024-09-15T18:07:57+00:00 Permafrost Active Layer Microbes From Ny Ålesund, Svalbard (79�N) Show Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Metabolisms With Diverse Carbon-Degrading Enzymes Sipes, Katie Paul, Raegan Fine, Aubrey Li, Peibo Liang, Renxing Boike, Julia Onstott, Tullis C. Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana A. Schaeffer, Sean Lloyd, Karen G. U.S. Department of Energy Simons Foundation National Science Foundation 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.757812 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.757812/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Microbiology volume 12 ISSN 1664-302X journal-article 2022 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.757812 2024-07-16T04:04:32Z The active layer of permafrost in Ny Ålesund, Svalbard (79°N) around the Bayelva River in the Leirhaugen glacier moraine is measured as a small net carbon sink at the brink of becoming a carbon source. In many permafrost-dominating ecosystems, microbes in the active layers have been shown to drive organic matter degradation and greenhouse gas production, creating positive feedback on climate change. However, the microbial metabolisms linking the environmental geochemical processes and the populations that perform them have not been fully characterized. In this paper, we present geochemical, enzymatic, and isotopic data paired with 10 Pseudomonas sp. cultures and metagenomic libraries of two active layer soil cores (BPF1 and BPF2) from Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, (79°N). Relative to BPF1, BPF2 had statistically higher C/N ratios (15 ± 1 for BPF1 vs. 29 ± 10 for BPF2; n = 30, p < 10 –5 ), statistically lower organic carbon (2% ± 0.6% for BPF1 vs. 1.6% ± 0.4% for BPF2, p < 0.02), statistically lower nitrogen (0.1% ± 0.03% for BPF1 vs. 0.07% ± 0.02% for BPF2, p < 10 –6 ). The d 13 C values for inorganic carbon did not correlate with those of organic carbon in BPF2, suggesting lower heterotrophic respiration. An increase in the δ 13 C of inorganic carbon with depth either reflects an autotrophic signal or mixing between a heterotrophic source at the surface and a lithotrophic source at depth. Potential enzyme activity of xylosidase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase increases twofold at 15°C, relative to 25°C, indicating cold adaptation in the cultures and bulk soil. Potential enzyme activity of leucine aminopeptidase across soils and cultures was two orders of magnitude higher than other tested enzymes, implying that organisms use leucine as a nitrogen and carbon source in this nutrient-limited environment. Besides demonstrating large variability in carbon compositions of permafrost active layer soils only ∼84 m apart, results suggest that the Svalbard active layer microbes are often limited by organic ... Article in Journal/Newspaper glacier Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund permafrost Svalbard Frontiers (Publisher) Frontiers in Microbiology 12 |
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The active layer of permafrost in Ny Ålesund, Svalbard (79°N) around the Bayelva River in the Leirhaugen glacier moraine is measured as a small net carbon sink at the brink of becoming a carbon source. In many permafrost-dominating ecosystems, microbes in the active layers have been shown to drive organic matter degradation and greenhouse gas production, creating positive feedback on climate change. However, the microbial metabolisms linking the environmental geochemical processes and the populations that perform them have not been fully characterized. In this paper, we present geochemical, enzymatic, and isotopic data paired with 10 Pseudomonas sp. cultures and metagenomic libraries of two active layer soil cores (BPF1 and BPF2) from Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, (79°N). Relative to BPF1, BPF2 had statistically higher C/N ratios (15 ± 1 for BPF1 vs. 29 ± 10 for BPF2; n = 30, p < 10 –5 ), statistically lower organic carbon (2% ± 0.6% for BPF1 vs. 1.6% ± 0.4% for BPF2, p < 0.02), statistically lower nitrogen (0.1% ± 0.03% for BPF1 vs. 0.07% ± 0.02% for BPF2, p < 10 –6 ). The d 13 C values for inorganic carbon did not correlate with those of organic carbon in BPF2, suggesting lower heterotrophic respiration. An increase in the δ 13 C of inorganic carbon with depth either reflects an autotrophic signal or mixing between a heterotrophic source at the surface and a lithotrophic source at depth. Potential enzyme activity of xylosidase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase increases twofold at 15°C, relative to 25°C, indicating cold adaptation in the cultures and bulk soil. Potential enzyme activity of leucine aminopeptidase across soils and cultures was two orders of magnitude higher than other tested enzymes, implying that organisms use leucine as a nitrogen and carbon source in this nutrient-limited environment. Besides demonstrating large variability in carbon compositions of permafrost active layer soils only ∼84 m apart, results suggest that the Svalbard active layer microbes are often limited by organic ... |
author2 |
U.S. Department of Energy Simons Foundation National Science Foundation |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sipes, Katie Paul, Raegan Fine, Aubrey Li, Peibo Liang, Renxing Boike, Julia Onstott, Tullis C. Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana A. Schaeffer, Sean Lloyd, Karen G. |
spellingShingle |
Sipes, Katie Paul, Raegan Fine, Aubrey Li, Peibo Liang, Renxing Boike, Julia Onstott, Tullis C. Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana A. Schaeffer, Sean Lloyd, Karen G. Permafrost Active Layer Microbes From Ny Ålesund, Svalbard (79�N) Show Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Metabolisms With Diverse Carbon-Degrading Enzymes |
author_facet |
Sipes, Katie Paul, Raegan Fine, Aubrey Li, Peibo Liang, Renxing Boike, Julia Onstott, Tullis C. Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana A. Schaeffer, Sean Lloyd, Karen G. |
author_sort |
Sipes, Katie |
title |
Permafrost Active Layer Microbes From Ny Ålesund, Svalbard (79�N) Show Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Metabolisms With Diverse Carbon-Degrading Enzymes |
title_short |
Permafrost Active Layer Microbes From Ny Ålesund, Svalbard (79�N) Show Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Metabolisms With Diverse Carbon-Degrading Enzymes |
title_full |
Permafrost Active Layer Microbes From Ny Ålesund, Svalbard (79�N) Show Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Metabolisms With Diverse Carbon-Degrading Enzymes |
title_fullStr |
Permafrost Active Layer Microbes From Ny Ålesund, Svalbard (79�N) Show Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Metabolisms With Diverse Carbon-Degrading Enzymes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Permafrost Active Layer Microbes From Ny Ålesund, Svalbard (79�N) Show Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Metabolisms With Diverse Carbon-Degrading Enzymes |
title_sort |
permafrost active layer microbes from ny ålesund, svalbard (79�n) show autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolisms with diverse carbon-degrading enzymes |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.757812 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.757812/full |
genre |
glacier Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund permafrost Svalbard |
genre_facet |
glacier Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund permafrost Svalbard |
op_source |
Frontiers in Microbiology volume 12 ISSN 1664-302X |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.757812 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
container_volume |
12 |
_version_ |
1810445313687683072 |