The Total and Active Bacterial Community of the Chlorolichen Cetraria islandica and Its Response to Long-Term Warming in Sub-Arctic Tundra
Lichens are traditionally defined as a symbiosis between a fungus and a green alga and or a cyanobacterium. This idea has been challenged by the discovery of bacterial communities inhabiting the lichen thalli. These bacteria are thought to contribute to the survival of lichens under extreme and chan...
Published in: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.540404 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.540404/full |
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crfrontiers:10.3389/fmicb.2020.540404 2024-05-19T07:35:51+00:00 The Total and Active Bacterial Community of the Chlorolichen Cetraria islandica and Its Response to Long-Term Warming in Sub-Arctic Tundra Klarenberg, Ingeborg J. Keuschnig, Christoph Warshan, Denis Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Vilhelmsson, Oddur Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.540404 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.540404/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Microbiology volume 11 ISSN 1664-302X journal-article 2020 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.540404 2024-05-01T06:48:37Z Lichens are traditionally defined as a symbiosis between a fungus and a green alga and or a cyanobacterium. This idea has been challenged by the discovery of bacterial communities inhabiting the lichen thalli. These bacteria are thought to contribute to the survival of lichens under extreme and changing environmental conditions. How these changing environmental conditions affect the lichen-associated bacterial community composition remains unclear. We describe the total (rDNA-based) and potentially metabolically active (rRNA-based) bacterial community of the lichen Cetaria islandica and its response to long-term warming using a 20-year warming experiment in an Icelandic sub-Arctic tundra. 16S rRNA and rDNA amplicon sequencing showed that the orders Acetobacterales (of the class Alphaproteobacteria) and Acidobacteriales (of the phylum Acidobacteria) dominated the bacterial community. Numerous amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) could only be detected in the potentially active community but not in the total community. Long-term warming led to increases in relative abundance of bacterial taxa on class, order and ASV level. Warming altered the relative abundance of ASVs of the most common bacterial genera, such as Granulicella and Endobacter . The potentially metabolically active bacterial community was also more responsive to warming than the total community. Our results suggest that the bacterial community of the lichen C. islandica is dominated by acidophilic taxa and harbors disproportionally active rare taxa. We also show for the first time that climate warming can lead to shifts in lichen-associated bacterial community composition. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Tundra Frontiers (Publisher) Frontiers in Microbiology 11 |
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Lichens are traditionally defined as a symbiosis between a fungus and a green alga and or a cyanobacterium. This idea has been challenged by the discovery of bacterial communities inhabiting the lichen thalli. These bacteria are thought to contribute to the survival of lichens under extreme and changing environmental conditions. How these changing environmental conditions affect the lichen-associated bacterial community composition remains unclear. We describe the total (rDNA-based) and potentially metabolically active (rRNA-based) bacterial community of the lichen Cetaria islandica and its response to long-term warming using a 20-year warming experiment in an Icelandic sub-Arctic tundra. 16S rRNA and rDNA amplicon sequencing showed that the orders Acetobacterales (of the class Alphaproteobacteria) and Acidobacteriales (of the phylum Acidobacteria) dominated the bacterial community. Numerous amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) could only be detected in the potentially active community but not in the total community. Long-term warming led to increases in relative abundance of bacterial taxa on class, order and ASV level. Warming altered the relative abundance of ASVs of the most common bacterial genera, such as Granulicella and Endobacter . The potentially metabolically active bacterial community was also more responsive to warming than the total community. Our results suggest that the bacterial community of the lichen C. islandica is dominated by acidophilic taxa and harbors disproportionally active rare taxa. We also show for the first time that climate warming can lead to shifts in lichen-associated bacterial community composition. |
author2 |
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Klarenberg, Ingeborg J. Keuschnig, Christoph Warshan, Denis Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Vilhelmsson, Oddur |
spellingShingle |
Klarenberg, Ingeborg J. Keuschnig, Christoph Warshan, Denis Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Vilhelmsson, Oddur The Total and Active Bacterial Community of the Chlorolichen Cetraria islandica and Its Response to Long-Term Warming in Sub-Arctic Tundra |
author_facet |
Klarenberg, Ingeborg J. Keuschnig, Christoph Warshan, Denis Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Vilhelmsson, Oddur |
author_sort |
Klarenberg, Ingeborg J. |
title |
The Total and Active Bacterial Community of the Chlorolichen Cetraria islandica and Its Response to Long-Term Warming in Sub-Arctic Tundra |
title_short |
The Total and Active Bacterial Community of the Chlorolichen Cetraria islandica and Its Response to Long-Term Warming in Sub-Arctic Tundra |
title_full |
The Total and Active Bacterial Community of the Chlorolichen Cetraria islandica and Its Response to Long-Term Warming in Sub-Arctic Tundra |
title_fullStr |
The Total and Active Bacterial Community of the Chlorolichen Cetraria islandica and Its Response to Long-Term Warming in Sub-Arctic Tundra |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Total and Active Bacterial Community of the Chlorolichen Cetraria islandica and Its Response to Long-Term Warming in Sub-Arctic Tundra |
title_sort |
total and active bacterial community of the chlorolichen cetraria islandica and its response to long-term warming in sub-arctic tundra |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.540404 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.540404/full |
genre |
Arctic Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Tundra |
op_source |
Frontiers in Microbiology volume 11 ISSN 1664-302X |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.540404 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
container_volume |
11 |
_version_ |
1799474877299687424 |