Effect of hypoxia on the post-hatching growth of the body of the fry and the caudal fin of the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
Introduction Hypoxia is a recurring problem in the fish farming industry. Currently, it is known that the exposure of fish and fry to a hypoxic environment induces important changes in their metabolism, compromising not only their development but also their reproduction and mortality rates. Our hypo...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1425671 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1425671/full |
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crfrontiers:10.3389/fmars.2024.1425671 2024-09-15T17:56:32+00:00 Effect of hypoxia on the post-hatching growth of the body of the fry and the caudal fin of the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Rojas, Mariana Salvatierra, Renato Smok, Carolina Sandoval, Cristian Souza-Mello, Vanessa del Sol, Mariano 2024 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1425671 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1425671/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Marine Science volume 11 ISSN 2296-7745 journal-article 2024 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1425671 2024-07-02T04:04:25Z Introduction Hypoxia is a recurring problem in the fish farming industry. Currently, it is known that the exposure of fish and fry to a hypoxic environment induces important changes in their metabolism, compromising not only their development but also their reproduction and mortality rates. Our hypothesis is that hypoxia constitutes one of the etiological factors causing deformation of the body and caudal fin in this species, as well as affecting its growth. Methods We analyzed two hundred forty Salmo salar salmon fry, differentially cultured at 100% saturation (normoxia condition) and 60% (hypoxia condition) for 2, 4, 6, and 8 days, including a group under continuous hypoxia. We performed diaphanization and Alcian blue staining, along with standard histological techniques. The polyclonal anti-HIF-1a antibody was used as a marker of hypoxia in Salmo salar, and hypoxia in these fish was associated with the immunopositivity of this antibody. Results and discussion The results indicate that there is an association between exposure to hypoxia and the deformation of the body and fin, as well as an agreement between hypoxia and the total length of the fry and fin. Several months after the event occurred, we were able to find and describe angiogenesis, blood vessel disorganization, and vasodilation histologically. Finally, hypoxic cells in the fry (HIF-1a) could be recognized and confirmed as hypoxia sensors. All of this indicates that hypoxia not only affects the fry during the development phase of the event, but that its results can be evident much later and affect the fry throughout their entire ontogeny. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Frontiers (Publisher) Frontiers in Marine Science 11 |
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Introduction Hypoxia is a recurring problem in the fish farming industry. Currently, it is known that the exposure of fish and fry to a hypoxic environment induces important changes in their metabolism, compromising not only their development but also their reproduction and mortality rates. Our hypothesis is that hypoxia constitutes one of the etiological factors causing deformation of the body and caudal fin in this species, as well as affecting its growth. Methods We analyzed two hundred forty Salmo salar salmon fry, differentially cultured at 100% saturation (normoxia condition) and 60% (hypoxia condition) for 2, 4, 6, and 8 days, including a group under continuous hypoxia. We performed diaphanization and Alcian blue staining, along with standard histological techniques. The polyclonal anti-HIF-1a antibody was used as a marker of hypoxia in Salmo salar, and hypoxia in these fish was associated with the immunopositivity of this antibody. Results and discussion The results indicate that there is an association between exposure to hypoxia and the deformation of the body and fin, as well as an agreement between hypoxia and the total length of the fry and fin. Several months after the event occurred, we were able to find and describe angiogenesis, blood vessel disorganization, and vasodilation histologically. Finally, hypoxic cells in the fry (HIF-1a) could be recognized and confirmed as hypoxia sensors. All of this indicates that hypoxia not only affects the fry during the development phase of the event, but that its results can be evident much later and affect the fry throughout their entire ontogeny. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rojas, Mariana Salvatierra, Renato Smok, Carolina Sandoval, Cristian Souza-Mello, Vanessa del Sol, Mariano |
spellingShingle |
Rojas, Mariana Salvatierra, Renato Smok, Carolina Sandoval, Cristian Souza-Mello, Vanessa del Sol, Mariano Effect of hypoxia on the post-hatching growth of the body of the fry and the caudal fin of the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
author_facet |
Rojas, Mariana Salvatierra, Renato Smok, Carolina Sandoval, Cristian Souza-Mello, Vanessa del Sol, Mariano |
author_sort |
Rojas, Mariana |
title |
Effect of hypoxia on the post-hatching growth of the body of the fry and the caudal fin of the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_short |
Effect of hypoxia on the post-hatching growth of the body of the fry and the caudal fin of the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full |
Effect of hypoxia on the post-hatching growth of the body of the fry and the caudal fin of the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_fullStr |
Effect of hypoxia on the post-hatching growth of the body of the fry and the caudal fin of the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of hypoxia on the post-hatching growth of the body of the fry and the caudal fin of the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_sort |
effect of hypoxia on the post-hatching growth of the body of the fry and the caudal fin of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1425671 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1425671/full |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science volume 11 ISSN 2296-7745 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1425671 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
11 |
_version_ |
1810432728628199424 |