A key hub for climate systems: deciphering from Southern Ocean sea surface temperature variability
The Southern Ocean connects the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, serving as a key hub for the global overturning circulation. The climate of the Southern Ocean is closely linked to the low-latitude equatorial Pacific, as well as the high-latitude regions of the North Atlantic, making it an impo...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1361892 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1361892/full |
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crfrontiers:10.3389/fmars.2024.1361892 2024-09-15T18:23:49+00:00 A key hub for climate systems: deciphering from Southern Ocean sea surface temperature variability Li, Ninghong Zheng, Xufeng Su, Ting Ma, Xiao Zhu, Junying Cheng, Dongdong 2024 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1361892 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1361892/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Marine Science volume 11 ISSN 2296-7745 journal-article 2024 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1361892 2024-07-02T04:04:38Z The Southern Ocean connects the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, serving as a key hub for the global overturning circulation. The climate of the Southern Ocean is closely linked to the low-latitude equatorial Pacific, as well as the high-latitude regions of the North Atlantic, making it an important component of the global climate system. Due to the interactions of various processes such as atmospheric, oceanic, and ice cover, the Southern Ocean exhibits a complex and variable sea surface temperature structure. Satellite observations indicate that since 1980, the sea surface temperature of the Southern Ocean has been cooling, contrary to the global warming trend. However, due to the relatively short length of satellite observations, the specific mechanisms are not yet clear. Here, we used the EOF method to analyze sea surface temperature data since 1870 (HadISST1 and ERSSTV5), with three main separated modes explaining over 70% of the sea temperature variability. Among them, the first mode shows widespread positive sea surface temperature anomalies in the Southern Ocean, with a time series change consistent with global temperature anomalies, representing a mode of global warming. The second mode corresponds to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) but with a lag of approximately 4 years. The third mode is consistent with the variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Furthermore, our study indicates that despite the ongoing global warming since 1980, the negative phase of AMO and positive phase of ENSO may counteract the effects of global warming, leading to an overall cooling trend in the sea surface temperature of the Southern Ocean. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Southern Ocean Frontiers (Publisher) Frontiers in Marine Science 11 |
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The Southern Ocean connects the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, serving as a key hub for the global overturning circulation. The climate of the Southern Ocean is closely linked to the low-latitude equatorial Pacific, as well as the high-latitude regions of the North Atlantic, making it an important component of the global climate system. Due to the interactions of various processes such as atmospheric, oceanic, and ice cover, the Southern Ocean exhibits a complex and variable sea surface temperature structure. Satellite observations indicate that since 1980, the sea surface temperature of the Southern Ocean has been cooling, contrary to the global warming trend. However, due to the relatively short length of satellite observations, the specific mechanisms are not yet clear. Here, we used the EOF method to analyze sea surface temperature data since 1870 (HadISST1 and ERSSTV5), with three main separated modes explaining over 70% of the sea temperature variability. Among them, the first mode shows widespread positive sea surface temperature anomalies in the Southern Ocean, with a time series change consistent with global temperature anomalies, representing a mode of global warming. The second mode corresponds to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) but with a lag of approximately 4 years. The third mode is consistent with the variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Furthermore, our study indicates that despite the ongoing global warming since 1980, the negative phase of AMO and positive phase of ENSO may counteract the effects of global warming, leading to an overall cooling trend in the sea surface temperature of the Southern Ocean. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Li, Ninghong Zheng, Xufeng Su, Ting Ma, Xiao Zhu, Junying Cheng, Dongdong |
spellingShingle |
Li, Ninghong Zheng, Xufeng Su, Ting Ma, Xiao Zhu, Junying Cheng, Dongdong A key hub for climate systems: deciphering from Southern Ocean sea surface temperature variability |
author_facet |
Li, Ninghong Zheng, Xufeng Su, Ting Ma, Xiao Zhu, Junying Cheng, Dongdong |
author_sort |
Li, Ninghong |
title |
A key hub for climate systems: deciphering from Southern Ocean sea surface temperature variability |
title_short |
A key hub for climate systems: deciphering from Southern Ocean sea surface temperature variability |
title_full |
A key hub for climate systems: deciphering from Southern Ocean sea surface temperature variability |
title_fullStr |
A key hub for climate systems: deciphering from Southern Ocean sea surface temperature variability |
title_full_unstemmed |
A key hub for climate systems: deciphering from Southern Ocean sea surface temperature variability |
title_sort |
key hub for climate systems: deciphering from southern ocean sea surface temperature variability |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1361892 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1361892/full |
genre |
North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science volume 11 ISSN 2296-7745 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1361892 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
11 |
_version_ |
1810464092754804736 |