Extreme waves in the Caribbean Sea: spatial regionalization and long-term analysis
The extreme wave height distribution in the Caribbean Sea is studied using a new method based on the maximum basin-wide aggregate of significant wave height, H s , values per month. Besides, by means of the Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) technique, we identify coherent geographical regions with similar...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1294189 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1294189/full |
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crfrontiers:10.3389/fmars.2023.1294189 2024-02-11T10:06:48+01:00 Extreme waves in the Caribbean Sea: spatial regionalization and long-term analysis Morales-Márquez, Verónica Cáceres-Euse, Alejandro Hernández-Carrasco, Ismael Molcard, Anne Orfila, Alejandro Agence Nationale de la Recherche Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación European Regional Development Fund Universitat de les Illes Balears 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1294189 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1294189/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Marine Science volume 10 ISSN 2296-7745 Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography journal-article 2023 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1294189 2024-01-26T09:56:12Z The extreme wave height distribution in the Caribbean Sea is studied using a new method based on the maximum basin-wide aggregate of significant wave height, H s , values per month. Besides, by means of the Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) technique, we identify coherent geographical regions with similar extreme wave height variability in the Caribbean Sea. Our findings revealed three primary regions: the eastern side with comparatively lower values, the central region with intermediate values, and the western side with the highest extreme wave heights. The study also examines the wind forcing conditions driving the spatial and temporal variability of the extreme waves, highlighting the influence of the low-pressure belt dynamics as well as the role played by the Caribbean Low-Level Jet (CLLJ) index, and the impact of cold fronts and hurricanes on extreme wave heights. Additionally, we explore the relationship between the extreme wave height distribution and climatic indices, such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Oceanic Niño (ONI). The results reveal that the spatial distribution of extreme wave heights in the Caribbean Sea is mostly ruled by the influence of the CLLJ, with correlations close to 80%. In addition, significant correlations were observed between the extreme wave heights and the ENSO in the central Caribbean, as well as positive correlations between the extreme wave heights and NAO in the eastern part of the basin, and significant values of correlation with the negative phases of AMO and AMM in the whole basin. We show that, unlike conventional (or broadly used) methods deployed to identify extreme wave height, such as percentile 99 th , H s 99 , our methodology allows a further assessment of the wind and climate forcing conditions associated with the extreme wave events. Although, we acknowledge that the method here presented has limitations to capture extreme wave height outliers, it has the advantage of ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Frontiers (Publisher) Frontiers in Marine Science 10 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Frontiers (Publisher) |
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crfrontiers |
language |
unknown |
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Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography |
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Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography Morales-Márquez, Verónica Cáceres-Euse, Alejandro Hernández-Carrasco, Ismael Molcard, Anne Orfila, Alejandro Extreme waves in the Caribbean Sea: spatial regionalization and long-term analysis |
topic_facet |
Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography |
description |
The extreme wave height distribution in the Caribbean Sea is studied using a new method based on the maximum basin-wide aggregate of significant wave height, H s , values per month. Besides, by means of the Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) technique, we identify coherent geographical regions with similar extreme wave height variability in the Caribbean Sea. Our findings revealed three primary regions: the eastern side with comparatively lower values, the central region with intermediate values, and the western side with the highest extreme wave heights. The study also examines the wind forcing conditions driving the spatial and temporal variability of the extreme waves, highlighting the influence of the low-pressure belt dynamics as well as the role played by the Caribbean Low-Level Jet (CLLJ) index, and the impact of cold fronts and hurricanes on extreme wave heights. Additionally, we explore the relationship between the extreme wave height distribution and climatic indices, such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Oceanic Niño (ONI). The results reveal that the spatial distribution of extreme wave heights in the Caribbean Sea is mostly ruled by the influence of the CLLJ, with correlations close to 80%. In addition, significant correlations were observed between the extreme wave heights and the ENSO in the central Caribbean, as well as positive correlations between the extreme wave heights and NAO in the eastern part of the basin, and significant values of correlation with the negative phases of AMO and AMM in the whole basin. We show that, unlike conventional (or broadly used) methods deployed to identify extreme wave height, such as percentile 99 th , H s 99 , our methodology allows a further assessment of the wind and climate forcing conditions associated with the extreme wave events. Although, we acknowledge that the method here presented has limitations to capture extreme wave height outliers, it has the advantage of ... |
author2 |
Agence Nationale de la Recherche Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación European Regional Development Fund Universitat de les Illes Balears |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Morales-Márquez, Verónica Cáceres-Euse, Alejandro Hernández-Carrasco, Ismael Molcard, Anne Orfila, Alejandro |
author_facet |
Morales-Márquez, Verónica Cáceres-Euse, Alejandro Hernández-Carrasco, Ismael Molcard, Anne Orfila, Alejandro |
author_sort |
Morales-Márquez, Verónica |
title |
Extreme waves in the Caribbean Sea: spatial regionalization and long-term analysis |
title_short |
Extreme waves in the Caribbean Sea: spatial regionalization and long-term analysis |
title_full |
Extreme waves in the Caribbean Sea: spatial regionalization and long-term analysis |
title_fullStr |
Extreme waves in the Caribbean Sea: spatial regionalization and long-term analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extreme waves in the Caribbean Sea: spatial regionalization and long-term analysis |
title_sort |
extreme waves in the caribbean sea: spatial regionalization and long-term analysis |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1294189 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1294189/full |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science volume 10 ISSN 2296-7745 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1294189 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
10 |
_version_ |
1790604776178712576 |