Microalgae as functional feed for Atlantic salmon: effects on growth, health, immunity, muscle fatty acid and pigment deposition
Microalgae are increasingly being investigated as functional feed additives in a variety of fish species, but our knowledge on how microalgae supplementation affects Atlantic salmon remains limited. We hypothesized that microalgae inclusion of 8% in the feed would improve performance, fatty acid and...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1273614 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1273614/full |
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crfrontiers:10.3389/fmars.2023.1273614 2024-02-11T10:02:05+01:00 Microalgae as functional feed for Atlantic salmon: effects on growth, health, immunity, muscle fatty acid and pigment deposition Mueller, Jonas Pauly, Matteo Molkentin, Joachim Ostermeyer, Ute van Muilekom, Doret R. Rebl, Alexander Goldammer, Tom Lindemeyer, Jacqueline Schultheiß, Thekla Seibel, Henrike Schulz, Carsten 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1273614 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1273614/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Marine Science volume 10 ISSN 2296-7745 Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography journal-article 2023 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1273614 2024-01-26T09:59:05Z Microalgae are increasingly being investigated as functional feed additives in a variety of fish species, but our knowledge on how microalgae supplementation affects Atlantic salmon remains limited. We hypothesized that microalgae inclusion of 8% in the feed would improve performance, fatty acid and pigment deposition as well as health and immunity of Atlantic salmon reared in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). We fed Atlantic salmon smolts with five different microalgae enriched diets containing Tetraselmis chuii (TC), Arthrospira platensis (AP), Schizochytrium limacinum (SL) or Chlorella vulgaris , either intact (CVI) or as broken cell wall derivative (CVB) or a control diet (CD). After eight weeks of feeding in brackish water (13 psu), all groups were transferred to seawater (32 psu) for additional two weeks. Our results indicate that CVB improved feed conversion and protein retention, but reduced condition factor (p < 0.05) compared to fish fed with a control diet. Voluntary feed intake decreased in seawater, but was similar among diet groups. The amount of docosahexaenoic acid was particularly high in SL-fed fish and alpha-linolenic acid was enriched in fish fed CVI, CVB and TC (p < 0.05). Following seawater transfer, fat content and monounsaturated fatty acids decreased in the muscle, while polyunsaturated fatty acids increased. Lutein was present in all muscle samples, but highest concentrations were found in CVB-, CVI- and TC-fed fish. In the anterior intestine, microalgae supplementation induced differentially regulated trout protein 1 ( drtp1 ) expression in CVI- and CVB-fed fish, but reduced the expression of interleukin 1 and 10 receptor ( il1r2 & il10rb ) in CVI-fed fish. In the liver, feeding CVI and SL induced complement C1q like 2 ( c1ql2 ) expression, while reducing serum amyloid A5 ( saa5 ) expression. Superoxide-dismutase protein concentration was induced in the liver of fish fed SL, while myeloperoxidase was reduced in most microalgae-fed groups. In conclusion, we ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Frontiers (Publisher) Frontiers in Marine Science 10 |
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crfrontiers |
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unknown |
topic |
Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography |
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Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography Mueller, Jonas Pauly, Matteo Molkentin, Joachim Ostermeyer, Ute van Muilekom, Doret R. Rebl, Alexander Goldammer, Tom Lindemeyer, Jacqueline Schultheiß, Thekla Seibel, Henrike Schulz, Carsten Microalgae as functional feed for Atlantic salmon: effects on growth, health, immunity, muscle fatty acid and pigment deposition |
topic_facet |
Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography |
description |
Microalgae are increasingly being investigated as functional feed additives in a variety of fish species, but our knowledge on how microalgae supplementation affects Atlantic salmon remains limited. We hypothesized that microalgae inclusion of 8% in the feed would improve performance, fatty acid and pigment deposition as well as health and immunity of Atlantic salmon reared in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). We fed Atlantic salmon smolts with five different microalgae enriched diets containing Tetraselmis chuii (TC), Arthrospira platensis (AP), Schizochytrium limacinum (SL) or Chlorella vulgaris , either intact (CVI) or as broken cell wall derivative (CVB) or a control diet (CD). After eight weeks of feeding in brackish water (13 psu), all groups were transferred to seawater (32 psu) for additional two weeks. Our results indicate that CVB improved feed conversion and protein retention, but reduced condition factor (p < 0.05) compared to fish fed with a control diet. Voluntary feed intake decreased in seawater, but was similar among diet groups. The amount of docosahexaenoic acid was particularly high in SL-fed fish and alpha-linolenic acid was enriched in fish fed CVI, CVB and TC (p < 0.05). Following seawater transfer, fat content and monounsaturated fatty acids decreased in the muscle, while polyunsaturated fatty acids increased. Lutein was present in all muscle samples, but highest concentrations were found in CVB-, CVI- and TC-fed fish. In the anterior intestine, microalgae supplementation induced differentially regulated trout protein 1 ( drtp1 ) expression in CVI- and CVB-fed fish, but reduced the expression of interleukin 1 and 10 receptor ( il1r2 & il10rb ) in CVI-fed fish. In the liver, feeding CVI and SL induced complement C1q like 2 ( c1ql2 ) expression, while reducing serum amyloid A5 ( saa5 ) expression. Superoxide-dismutase protein concentration was induced in the liver of fish fed SL, while myeloperoxidase was reduced in most microalgae-fed groups. In conclusion, we ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mueller, Jonas Pauly, Matteo Molkentin, Joachim Ostermeyer, Ute van Muilekom, Doret R. Rebl, Alexander Goldammer, Tom Lindemeyer, Jacqueline Schultheiß, Thekla Seibel, Henrike Schulz, Carsten |
author_facet |
Mueller, Jonas Pauly, Matteo Molkentin, Joachim Ostermeyer, Ute van Muilekom, Doret R. Rebl, Alexander Goldammer, Tom Lindemeyer, Jacqueline Schultheiß, Thekla Seibel, Henrike Schulz, Carsten |
author_sort |
Mueller, Jonas |
title |
Microalgae as functional feed for Atlantic salmon: effects on growth, health, immunity, muscle fatty acid and pigment deposition |
title_short |
Microalgae as functional feed for Atlantic salmon: effects on growth, health, immunity, muscle fatty acid and pigment deposition |
title_full |
Microalgae as functional feed for Atlantic salmon: effects on growth, health, immunity, muscle fatty acid and pigment deposition |
title_fullStr |
Microalgae as functional feed for Atlantic salmon: effects on growth, health, immunity, muscle fatty acid and pigment deposition |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microalgae as functional feed for Atlantic salmon: effects on growth, health, immunity, muscle fatty acid and pigment deposition |
title_sort |
microalgae as functional feed for atlantic salmon: effects on growth, health, immunity, muscle fatty acid and pigment deposition |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1273614 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1273614/full |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science volume 10 ISSN 2296-7745 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1273614 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
10 |
_version_ |
1790597979859582976 |