Prevalence of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) in Atlantic Mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., in the Vicinity of the Faroe Islands
Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus is an important migratory fish in Faroese waters and the Northeast Atlantic at large. Similar to other fish species from marine environments, mackerel can be infected by the myxozoan parasite Kudoa thyrsites , leading to myoliquefaction that renders the fish commer...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.818507 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.818507/full |
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crfrontiers:10.3389/fmars.2022.818507 2024-09-30T14:34:43+00:00 Prevalence of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) in Atlantic Mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., in the Vicinity of the Faroe Islands Højgaard, Dánjal Petur í Homrum, Eydna Salter, Ian 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.818507 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.818507/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Marine Science volume 9 ISSN 2296-7745 journal-article 2022 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.818507 2024-09-17T04:12:46Z Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus is an important migratory fish in Faroese waters and the Northeast Atlantic at large. Similar to other fish species from marine environments, mackerel can be infected by the myxozoan parasite Kudoa thyrsites , leading to myoliquefaction that renders the fish commercially unviable. Despite the ecological and economic significance of K. thyrsites as a parasite, little is known regarding its prevalence in the Faroese mackerel fishery. Prior to analysing field samples, we examined 104 samples of Atlantic mackerel selected from a Faroese processing plant on the basis of visible soft-tissue. Using microscope smears we observed K. thyrsites in 98% of the soft-tissue mackerel specimens and a direct comparison with qPCR demonstrated strong agreement between the two techniques (Φ = 0.429, p<0.01; Fisher’s exact test). We used qPCR to analyze a total of 594 Atlantic mackerel specimens, collected from Faroese fishing grounds during 2017 and 2018. Overall prevalence was 4.1% (95% confidence interval; 2.5-5.7%) and ranged from 0-14% at different locations. Infection by K. thyrsites was documented in fish as young as 2 years (195g) and up to 14 years (615g) of age. A logistic regression model indicated the odds of infection were statistically associated with sampling location and month, but not gender, age, weight or length, although a Chi-squared test on age categories showed the oldest fish (>10 years) had highest prevalence (10.8%, CI: 4.2-17.5%). In order to investigate potential infection pathways we performed qPCR analysis on eDNA in water samples collected from the Faroese Plateau. However, we found no molecular evidence for K. thyrsites spores in Faroese plankton assemblages. Our data support the prevailing hypothesis that both the alternating invertebrate host and infection of Atlantic mackerel by K. thyrsites occurs in more southern waters. Article in Journal/Newspaper Faroe Islands Northeast Atlantic Frontiers (Publisher) Faroe Islands Frontiers in Marine Science 9 |
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Frontiers (Publisher) |
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description |
Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus is an important migratory fish in Faroese waters and the Northeast Atlantic at large. Similar to other fish species from marine environments, mackerel can be infected by the myxozoan parasite Kudoa thyrsites , leading to myoliquefaction that renders the fish commercially unviable. Despite the ecological and economic significance of K. thyrsites as a parasite, little is known regarding its prevalence in the Faroese mackerel fishery. Prior to analysing field samples, we examined 104 samples of Atlantic mackerel selected from a Faroese processing plant on the basis of visible soft-tissue. Using microscope smears we observed K. thyrsites in 98% of the soft-tissue mackerel specimens and a direct comparison with qPCR demonstrated strong agreement between the two techniques (Φ = 0.429, p<0.01; Fisher’s exact test). We used qPCR to analyze a total of 594 Atlantic mackerel specimens, collected from Faroese fishing grounds during 2017 and 2018. Overall prevalence was 4.1% (95% confidence interval; 2.5-5.7%) and ranged from 0-14% at different locations. Infection by K. thyrsites was documented in fish as young as 2 years (195g) and up to 14 years (615g) of age. A logistic regression model indicated the odds of infection were statistically associated with sampling location and month, but not gender, age, weight or length, although a Chi-squared test on age categories showed the oldest fish (>10 years) had highest prevalence (10.8%, CI: 4.2-17.5%). In order to investigate potential infection pathways we performed qPCR analysis on eDNA in water samples collected from the Faroese Plateau. However, we found no molecular evidence for K. thyrsites spores in Faroese plankton assemblages. Our data support the prevailing hypothesis that both the alternating invertebrate host and infection of Atlantic mackerel by K. thyrsites occurs in more southern waters. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Højgaard, Dánjal Petur í Homrum, Eydna Salter, Ian |
spellingShingle |
Højgaard, Dánjal Petur í Homrum, Eydna Salter, Ian Prevalence of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) in Atlantic Mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., in the Vicinity of the Faroe Islands |
author_facet |
Højgaard, Dánjal Petur í Homrum, Eydna Salter, Ian |
author_sort |
Højgaard, Dánjal Petur |
title |
Prevalence of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) in Atlantic Mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., in the Vicinity of the Faroe Islands |
title_short |
Prevalence of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) in Atlantic Mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., in the Vicinity of the Faroe Islands |
title_full |
Prevalence of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) in Atlantic Mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., in the Vicinity of the Faroe Islands |
title_fullStr |
Prevalence of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) in Atlantic Mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., in the Vicinity of the Faroe Islands |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prevalence of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) in Atlantic Mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., in the Vicinity of the Faroe Islands |
title_sort |
prevalence of kudoa thyrsites (myxozoa, multivalvulida) in atlantic mackerel, scomber scombrus l., in the vicinity of the faroe islands |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.818507 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.818507/full |
geographic |
Faroe Islands |
geographic_facet |
Faroe Islands |
genre |
Faroe Islands Northeast Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Faroe Islands Northeast Atlantic |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science volume 9 ISSN 2296-7745 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.818507 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
9 |
_version_ |
1811638241310277632 |