Uncertainty in Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation derived from different observed datasets and their possible causes
As a leading mode of sea surface temperature (SST) variability over the North Atlantic in both observations and model simulations, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) can have a substantial influence on regional and global climate. By using Low-Frequency Component Analysis, we explore the un...
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crfrontiers:10.3389/fmars.2022.1007646 2024-09-09T19:55:09+00:00 Uncertainty in Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation derived from different observed datasets and their possible causes Zhao, Bowen Lin, Pengfei Hu, Aixue Liu, Hailong Ding, Mengrong Yu, Zipeng Yu, Yongqiang 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1007646 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.1007646/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Marine Science volume 9 ISSN 2296-7745 journal-article 2022 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1007646 2024-07-16T04:03:58Z As a leading mode of sea surface temperature (SST) variability over the North Atlantic in both observations and model simulations, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) can have a substantial influence on regional and global climate. By using Low-Frequency Component Analysis, we explore the uncertainties of the resulting AMO indices and the corresponding spatial patterns derived from three observational SST datasets. We found that the known coherent spatial pattern of the AMO at the basin scale over the North Atlantic appears in two out of the three datasets. Further analysis indicates that both the warming trend and the different techniques used to construct these observed gridded SSTs contribute to the AMO’s spatial coherence over the North Atlantic, especially during periods of sparse data sampling. The SST in the Extended Reconstructed SST dataset version 5 (ERSSTv5), changes from being systematically below the other datasets during the dense sampling periods on either side of the Second World War (WWII), to systematically above the other datasets during WWII, thereby introducing an artificial 10–20-year variability that affects the AMO’s spatial coherence. This coherence in the AMO’s spatial pattern is also affected by bias adjustment in ERSSTv5 at relative cool (i.e., non-summer) seasons, and by the heterogeneous North Atlantic warming pattern. The different AMO patterns can induce the different effects of wind, surface heat fluxes, and then drive ocean circulation and its heat transport convergence, especially for some seasons. For AMO indices, both the different detrending methods and different observational data result in uncertainty for the period 1935–1950. Such SST uncertainty is important to detect the relative role of the atmosphere and ocean in shaping the AMO. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Frontiers (Publisher) Frontiers in Marine Science 9 |
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As a leading mode of sea surface temperature (SST) variability over the North Atlantic in both observations and model simulations, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) can have a substantial influence on regional and global climate. By using Low-Frequency Component Analysis, we explore the uncertainties of the resulting AMO indices and the corresponding spatial patterns derived from three observational SST datasets. We found that the known coherent spatial pattern of the AMO at the basin scale over the North Atlantic appears in two out of the three datasets. Further analysis indicates that both the warming trend and the different techniques used to construct these observed gridded SSTs contribute to the AMO’s spatial coherence over the North Atlantic, especially during periods of sparse data sampling. The SST in the Extended Reconstructed SST dataset version 5 (ERSSTv5), changes from being systematically below the other datasets during the dense sampling periods on either side of the Second World War (WWII), to systematically above the other datasets during WWII, thereby introducing an artificial 10–20-year variability that affects the AMO’s spatial coherence. This coherence in the AMO’s spatial pattern is also affected by bias adjustment in ERSSTv5 at relative cool (i.e., non-summer) seasons, and by the heterogeneous North Atlantic warming pattern. The different AMO patterns can induce the different effects of wind, surface heat fluxes, and then drive ocean circulation and its heat transport convergence, especially for some seasons. For AMO indices, both the different detrending methods and different observational data result in uncertainty for the period 1935–1950. Such SST uncertainty is important to detect the relative role of the atmosphere and ocean in shaping the AMO. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Zhao, Bowen Lin, Pengfei Hu, Aixue Liu, Hailong Ding, Mengrong Yu, Zipeng Yu, Yongqiang |
spellingShingle |
Zhao, Bowen Lin, Pengfei Hu, Aixue Liu, Hailong Ding, Mengrong Yu, Zipeng Yu, Yongqiang Uncertainty in Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation derived from different observed datasets and their possible causes |
author_facet |
Zhao, Bowen Lin, Pengfei Hu, Aixue Liu, Hailong Ding, Mengrong Yu, Zipeng Yu, Yongqiang |
author_sort |
Zhao, Bowen |
title |
Uncertainty in Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation derived from different observed datasets and their possible causes |
title_short |
Uncertainty in Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation derived from different observed datasets and their possible causes |
title_full |
Uncertainty in Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation derived from different observed datasets and their possible causes |
title_fullStr |
Uncertainty in Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation derived from different observed datasets and their possible causes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Uncertainty in Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation derived from different observed datasets and their possible causes |
title_sort |
uncertainty in atlantic multidecadal oscillation derived from different observed datasets and their possible causes |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1007646 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.1007646/full |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science volume 9 ISSN 2296-7745 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1007646 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
9 |
_version_ |
1809924662538272768 |