Connections to the Deep: Deep Vertical Migrations, an Important Part of the Life Cycle of Apherusa glacialis, an Arctic Ice-Associated Amphipod
Arctic sea ice contains a substantial amount of living biota of which part is lost through melt and export out of the Arctic Ocean every year. It is unclear how populations can be maintained within the Arctic Ocean. A representative ice inhabitant, the amphipod Apherusa glacialis was previously assu...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
Frontiers Media SA
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.772766 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.772766/full |
id |
crfrontiers:10.3389/fmars.2021.772766 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crfrontiers:10.3389/fmars.2021.772766 2024-03-31T07:50:08+00:00 Connections to the Deep: Deep Vertical Migrations, an Important Part of the Life Cycle of Apherusa glacialis, an Arctic Ice-Associated Amphipod Drivdal, Magnus Kunisch, Erin H. Bluhm, Bodil A. Gradinger, Rolf Falk-Petersen, Stig Berge, Jørgen Norges Forskningsråd Senter for Autonome Marine Operasjoner og Systemer 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.772766 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.772766/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Marine Science volume 8 ISSN 2296-7745 Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography journal-article 2021 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.772766 2024-03-05T00:12:56Z Arctic sea ice contains a substantial amount of living biota of which part is lost through melt and export out of the Arctic Ocean every year. It is unclear how populations can be maintained within the Arctic Ocean. A representative ice inhabitant, the amphipod Apherusa glacialis was previously assumed to spend its entire life in the sea ice habitat, hence being dependent on sea ice to complete its life cycle. However, several recent studies report pelagic occurrences and suggest that seasonal vertical migrations might be an adaptive life history trait enabling a viable population size in the Arctic Ocean. In this study we use a particle-tracking model to investigate to what extent vertical migration might affect the species’ retention in the Arctic Ocean and the sea ice habitat. The modeled trajectories of A. glacialis were calculated based on ice drift and ocean currents from a coupled ocean – sea ice model covering the Arctic Ocean. We test two scenarios: (1) trajectories of A. glacialis that stay attached to the ice or follow the surface currents if they melt out of the ice and (2) trajectories of A. glacialis that undertake a seasonal vertical migration to drift with the currents at depth for parts of the year. In the multi-year model simulations it is assumed that after an initial period of 2 years A. glacialis that are located outside sea-ice cover each spring will perish while those located within the ice-covered region will reproduce. The model results show that a seasonal vertical migration both increases the total number of individuals and leads to a population distribution within the Arctic Ocean more in line with previous findings than the results from the non-migrating A. glacialis . Our results support the hypothesis that a seasonal migration may be an adaptive life history strategy in this species. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice Frontiers (Publisher) Arctic Arctic Ocean Frontiers in Marine Science 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Frontiers (Publisher) |
op_collection_id |
crfrontiers |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography |
spellingShingle |
Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography Drivdal, Magnus Kunisch, Erin H. Bluhm, Bodil A. Gradinger, Rolf Falk-Petersen, Stig Berge, Jørgen Connections to the Deep: Deep Vertical Migrations, an Important Part of the Life Cycle of Apherusa glacialis, an Arctic Ice-Associated Amphipod |
topic_facet |
Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography |
description |
Arctic sea ice contains a substantial amount of living biota of which part is lost through melt and export out of the Arctic Ocean every year. It is unclear how populations can be maintained within the Arctic Ocean. A representative ice inhabitant, the amphipod Apherusa glacialis was previously assumed to spend its entire life in the sea ice habitat, hence being dependent on sea ice to complete its life cycle. However, several recent studies report pelagic occurrences and suggest that seasonal vertical migrations might be an adaptive life history trait enabling a viable population size in the Arctic Ocean. In this study we use a particle-tracking model to investigate to what extent vertical migration might affect the species’ retention in the Arctic Ocean and the sea ice habitat. The modeled trajectories of A. glacialis were calculated based on ice drift and ocean currents from a coupled ocean – sea ice model covering the Arctic Ocean. We test two scenarios: (1) trajectories of A. glacialis that stay attached to the ice or follow the surface currents if they melt out of the ice and (2) trajectories of A. glacialis that undertake a seasonal vertical migration to drift with the currents at depth for parts of the year. In the multi-year model simulations it is assumed that after an initial period of 2 years A. glacialis that are located outside sea-ice cover each spring will perish while those located within the ice-covered region will reproduce. The model results show that a seasonal vertical migration both increases the total number of individuals and leads to a population distribution within the Arctic Ocean more in line with previous findings than the results from the non-migrating A. glacialis . Our results support the hypothesis that a seasonal migration may be an adaptive life history strategy in this species. |
author2 |
Norges Forskningsråd Senter for Autonome Marine Operasjoner og Systemer |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Drivdal, Magnus Kunisch, Erin H. Bluhm, Bodil A. Gradinger, Rolf Falk-Petersen, Stig Berge, Jørgen |
author_facet |
Drivdal, Magnus Kunisch, Erin H. Bluhm, Bodil A. Gradinger, Rolf Falk-Petersen, Stig Berge, Jørgen |
author_sort |
Drivdal, Magnus |
title |
Connections to the Deep: Deep Vertical Migrations, an Important Part of the Life Cycle of Apherusa glacialis, an Arctic Ice-Associated Amphipod |
title_short |
Connections to the Deep: Deep Vertical Migrations, an Important Part of the Life Cycle of Apherusa glacialis, an Arctic Ice-Associated Amphipod |
title_full |
Connections to the Deep: Deep Vertical Migrations, an Important Part of the Life Cycle of Apherusa glacialis, an Arctic Ice-Associated Amphipod |
title_fullStr |
Connections to the Deep: Deep Vertical Migrations, an Important Part of the Life Cycle of Apherusa glacialis, an Arctic Ice-Associated Amphipod |
title_full_unstemmed |
Connections to the Deep: Deep Vertical Migrations, an Important Part of the Life Cycle of Apherusa glacialis, an Arctic Ice-Associated Amphipod |
title_sort |
connections to the deep: deep vertical migrations, an important part of the life cycle of apherusa glacialis, an arctic ice-associated amphipod |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.772766 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.772766/full |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science volume 8 ISSN 2296-7745 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.772766 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
8 |
_version_ |
1795028239994847232 |