Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton
The Barents Sea is a hotspot for environmental change due to its rapid warming, and information on dietary preferences of zooplankton is crucial to better understand the impacts of these changes on food-web dynamics. We combined lipid-based trophic marker approaches, namely analysis of fatty acids (...
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2021
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050/full |
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crfrontiers:10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 2024-03-31T07:51:54+00:00 Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton Kohlbach, Doreen Schmidt, Katrin Hop, Haakon Wold, Anette Al-Habahbeh, Amalia Keck Belt, Simon T. Woll, Matthias Graeve, Martin Smik, Lukas Atkinson, Angus Assmy, Philipp 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Marine Science volume 8 ISSN 2296-7745 Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography journal-article 2021 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 2024-03-05T00:20:06Z The Barents Sea is a hotspot for environmental change due to its rapid warming, and information on dietary preferences of zooplankton is crucial to better understand the impacts of these changes on food-web dynamics. We combined lipid-based trophic marker approaches, namely analysis of fatty acids (FAs), highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) and sterols, to compare late summer (August) and early winter (November/December) feeding of key Barents Sea zooplankters; the copepods Calanus glacialis , C. hyperboreus and C. finmarchicus and the amphipods Themisto libellula and T. abyssorum . Based on FAs, copepods showed a stronger reliance on a diatom-based diet. Phytosterols, produced mainly by diatoms, declined from summer to winter in C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus , indicating the strong direct linkage of their feeding to primary production. By contrast, C. finmarchicus showed evidence of year-round feeding, indicated by the higher winter carnivory FA ratios of 18:1(n-9)/18:1(n-7) than its larger congeners. This, plus differences in seasonal lipid dynamics, suggests varied overwintering strategies among the copepods; namely diapause in C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus and continued feeding activity in C. finmarchicus . Based on the absence of sea ice algae-associated HBIs (IP 25 and IPSO 25 ) in the three copepod species during both seasons, their carbon sources were likely primarily of pelagic origin. In both amphipods, increased FA carnivory ratios during winter indicated that they relied strongly on heterotrophic prey during the polar night. Both amphipod species contained sea ice algae-derived HBIs, present in broadly similar concentrations between species and seasons. Our results indicate that sea ice-derived carbon forms a supplementary food rather than a crucial dietary component for these two amphipod species in summer and winter, with carnivory potentially providing them with a degree of resilience to the rapid decline in Barents Sea (winter) sea-ice extent and thickness. The weak trophic link of both ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Barents Sea Calanus glacialis ice algae polar night Sea ice Themisto libellula Copepods Frontiers (Publisher) Barents Sea Frontiers in Marine Science 8 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Frontiers (Publisher) |
op_collection_id |
crfrontiers |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography |
spellingShingle |
Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography Kohlbach, Doreen Schmidt, Katrin Hop, Haakon Wold, Anette Al-Habahbeh, Amalia Keck Belt, Simon T. Woll, Matthias Graeve, Martin Smik, Lukas Atkinson, Angus Assmy, Philipp Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
topic_facet |
Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography |
description |
The Barents Sea is a hotspot for environmental change due to its rapid warming, and information on dietary preferences of zooplankton is crucial to better understand the impacts of these changes on food-web dynamics. We combined lipid-based trophic marker approaches, namely analysis of fatty acids (FAs), highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) and sterols, to compare late summer (August) and early winter (November/December) feeding of key Barents Sea zooplankters; the copepods Calanus glacialis , C. hyperboreus and C. finmarchicus and the amphipods Themisto libellula and T. abyssorum . Based on FAs, copepods showed a stronger reliance on a diatom-based diet. Phytosterols, produced mainly by diatoms, declined from summer to winter in C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus , indicating the strong direct linkage of their feeding to primary production. By contrast, C. finmarchicus showed evidence of year-round feeding, indicated by the higher winter carnivory FA ratios of 18:1(n-9)/18:1(n-7) than its larger congeners. This, plus differences in seasonal lipid dynamics, suggests varied overwintering strategies among the copepods; namely diapause in C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus and continued feeding activity in C. finmarchicus . Based on the absence of sea ice algae-associated HBIs (IP 25 and IPSO 25 ) in the three copepod species during both seasons, their carbon sources were likely primarily of pelagic origin. In both amphipods, increased FA carnivory ratios during winter indicated that they relied strongly on heterotrophic prey during the polar night. Both amphipod species contained sea ice algae-derived HBIs, present in broadly similar concentrations between species and seasons. Our results indicate that sea ice-derived carbon forms a supplementary food rather than a crucial dietary component for these two amphipod species in summer and winter, with carnivory potentially providing them with a degree of resilience to the rapid decline in Barents Sea (winter) sea-ice extent and thickness. The weak trophic link of both ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kohlbach, Doreen Schmidt, Katrin Hop, Haakon Wold, Anette Al-Habahbeh, Amalia Keck Belt, Simon T. Woll, Matthias Graeve, Martin Smik, Lukas Atkinson, Angus Assmy, Philipp |
author_facet |
Kohlbach, Doreen Schmidt, Katrin Hop, Haakon Wold, Anette Al-Habahbeh, Amalia Keck Belt, Simon T. Woll, Matthias Graeve, Martin Smik, Lukas Atkinson, Angus Assmy, Philipp |
author_sort |
Kohlbach, Doreen |
title |
Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
title_short |
Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
title_full |
Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
title_fullStr |
Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
title_full_unstemmed |
Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
title_sort |
winter carnivory and diapause counteract the reliance on ice algae by barents sea zooplankton |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050/full |
geographic |
Barents Sea |
geographic_facet |
Barents Sea |
genre |
Barents Sea Calanus glacialis ice algae polar night Sea ice Themisto libellula Copepods |
genre_facet |
Barents Sea Calanus glacialis ice algae polar night Sea ice Themisto libellula Copepods |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science volume 8 ISSN 2296-7745 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
8 |
_version_ |
1795030719321341952 |