Winter-Spring Development of the Zooplankton Community Below Sea Ice in the Arctic Ocean
The impact of the rapidly changing Arctic on zooplankton community structure and seasonal behaviour is not yet understood. Here we examine 6 months of under-ice zooplankton observations from the N-ICE2015 expedition (January to June 2015) in the Nansen Basin and on the Yermak Plateau north of Svalba...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.609480 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.609480/full |
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crfrontiers:10.3389/fmars.2021.609480 2024-03-31T07:50:42+00:00 Winter-Spring Development of the Zooplankton Community Below Sea Ice in the Arctic Ocean Hop, Haakon Wold, Anette Meyer, Amelie Bailey, Allison Hatlebakk, Maja Kwasniewski, Slawomir Leopold, Peter Kuklinski, Piotr Søreide, Janne E. 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.609480 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.609480/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Marine Science volume 8 ISSN 2296-7745 Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography journal-article 2021 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.609480 2024-03-05T00:09:17Z The impact of the rapidly changing Arctic on zooplankton community structure and seasonal behaviour is not yet understood. Here we examine 6 months of under-ice zooplankton observations from the N-ICE2015 expedition (January to June 2015) in the Nansen Basin and on the Yermak Plateau north of Svalbard. Stratified sampling in the water column was done with MultiNet during the entire expedition, and sampling in the upper 5 m below sea ice was performed during April-May by divers using a hand-held net. Hydrographic conditions were dominated by northward-flowing warm and saline Atlantic Water at intermediate depth, and southward-flowing cold Polar Surface Water in the upper 100 m. The mesozooplankton was dominated by copepods. Most numerous were the small ubiquitous Oithona similis in the upper 200 m, with Microcalanus spp. and Triconia borealis further down the water column. Calanus finmarchicus dominated among the Calanus species while Metridia longa was also numerous. The most abundant deep-water copepods were Paraeuchaeta spp. and Spinocalanus spp. Arrow worms (Chaetognatha) and comb jellies (Ctenophora) were the most numerous non-copepods. The mesozooplankton community was more dependent on surrounding water mass characteristics, such as salinity and depth, than geographical location. Algal food availability, which was closely linked to seasonality, explained the community changes seen in surface waters in May and June due to seasonal ascent and recruitment. Seasonal changes from winter to spring mostly involved an increase in the herbivorous C. finmarchicus and its nauplii in the upper 200 m of the water column coinciding with the peak of the phytoplankton bloom in late May. The Yermak Plateau and adjacent Nansen Basin were characterised by oceanic North Atlantic and Arctic species, many of which are deep water specialists. Despite the late onset of the spring bloom due to consolidated sea ice, both North Atlantic and Arctic species successfully reproduced in the study area. This explains the species-rich ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Calanus finmarchicus Mesozooplankton Nansen Basin North Atlantic Phytoplankton Sea ice Svalbard Yermak plateau Zooplankton Copepods Frontiers (Publisher) Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard Yermak Plateau ENVELOPE(5.000,5.000,81.250,81.250) Frontiers in Marine Science 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Frontiers (Publisher) |
op_collection_id |
crfrontiers |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography |
spellingShingle |
Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography Hop, Haakon Wold, Anette Meyer, Amelie Bailey, Allison Hatlebakk, Maja Kwasniewski, Slawomir Leopold, Peter Kuklinski, Piotr Søreide, Janne E. Winter-Spring Development of the Zooplankton Community Below Sea Ice in the Arctic Ocean |
topic_facet |
Ocean Engineering Water Science and Technology Aquatic Science Global and Planetary Change Oceanography |
description |
The impact of the rapidly changing Arctic on zooplankton community structure and seasonal behaviour is not yet understood. Here we examine 6 months of under-ice zooplankton observations from the N-ICE2015 expedition (January to June 2015) in the Nansen Basin and on the Yermak Plateau north of Svalbard. Stratified sampling in the water column was done with MultiNet during the entire expedition, and sampling in the upper 5 m below sea ice was performed during April-May by divers using a hand-held net. Hydrographic conditions were dominated by northward-flowing warm and saline Atlantic Water at intermediate depth, and southward-flowing cold Polar Surface Water in the upper 100 m. The mesozooplankton was dominated by copepods. Most numerous were the small ubiquitous Oithona similis in the upper 200 m, with Microcalanus spp. and Triconia borealis further down the water column. Calanus finmarchicus dominated among the Calanus species while Metridia longa was also numerous. The most abundant deep-water copepods were Paraeuchaeta spp. and Spinocalanus spp. Arrow worms (Chaetognatha) and comb jellies (Ctenophora) were the most numerous non-copepods. The mesozooplankton community was more dependent on surrounding water mass characteristics, such as salinity and depth, than geographical location. Algal food availability, which was closely linked to seasonality, explained the community changes seen in surface waters in May and June due to seasonal ascent and recruitment. Seasonal changes from winter to spring mostly involved an increase in the herbivorous C. finmarchicus and its nauplii in the upper 200 m of the water column coinciding with the peak of the phytoplankton bloom in late May. The Yermak Plateau and adjacent Nansen Basin were characterised by oceanic North Atlantic and Arctic species, many of which are deep water specialists. Despite the late onset of the spring bloom due to consolidated sea ice, both North Atlantic and Arctic species successfully reproduced in the study area. This explains the species-rich ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hop, Haakon Wold, Anette Meyer, Amelie Bailey, Allison Hatlebakk, Maja Kwasniewski, Slawomir Leopold, Peter Kuklinski, Piotr Søreide, Janne E. |
author_facet |
Hop, Haakon Wold, Anette Meyer, Amelie Bailey, Allison Hatlebakk, Maja Kwasniewski, Slawomir Leopold, Peter Kuklinski, Piotr Søreide, Janne E. |
author_sort |
Hop, Haakon |
title |
Winter-Spring Development of the Zooplankton Community Below Sea Ice in the Arctic Ocean |
title_short |
Winter-Spring Development of the Zooplankton Community Below Sea Ice in the Arctic Ocean |
title_full |
Winter-Spring Development of the Zooplankton Community Below Sea Ice in the Arctic Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Winter-Spring Development of the Zooplankton Community Below Sea Ice in the Arctic Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Winter-Spring Development of the Zooplankton Community Below Sea Ice in the Arctic Ocean |
title_sort |
winter-spring development of the zooplankton community below sea ice in the arctic ocean |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.609480 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.609480/full |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(5.000,5.000,81.250,81.250) |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard Yermak Plateau |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard Yermak Plateau |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Calanus finmarchicus Mesozooplankton Nansen Basin North Atlantic Phytoplankton Sea ice Svalbard Yermak plateau Zooplankton Copepods |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Calanus finmarchicus Mesozooplankton Nansen Basin North Atlantic Phytoplankton Sea ice Svalbard Yermak plateau Zooplankton Copepods |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science volume 8 ISSN 2296-7745 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.609480 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
8 |
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1795029071678144512 |