Inactivated ostreid herpesvirus-1 induces an innate immune response in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, hemocytes
Infectious diseases are a major constraint to the expansion of shellfish production worldwide. Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS), a polymicrobial disease triggered by the Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1), has devastated the global Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) aquaculture industry. Recen...
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crfrontiers:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161145 2024-06-23T07:52:16+00:00 Inactivated ostreid herpesvirus-1 induces an innate immune response in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, hemocytes Delisle, Lizenn Rolton, Anne Vignier, Julien Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161145 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161145/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Immunology volume 14 ISSN 1664-3224 journal-article 2023 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161145 2024-06-04T05:55:04Z Infectious diseases are a major constraint to the expansion of shellfish production worldwide. Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS), a polymicrobial disease triggered by the Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1), has devastated the global Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) aquaculture industry. Recent ground-breaking research revealed that C. gigas possess an immune memory, capable of adaption, which improves the immune response upon a second exposure to a pathogen. This paradigm shift opens the door for developing ‘vaccines’ to improve shellfish survival during disease outbreaks. In the present study, we developed an in-vitro assay using hemocytes – the main effectors of the C. gigas immune system – collected from juvenile oysters susceptible to OsHV-1. The potency of multiple antigen preparations (e.g., chemically and physically inactivated OsHV-1, viral DNA, and protein extracts) to stimulate an immune response in hemocytes was evaluated using flow cytometry and droplet digital PCR to measure immune-related subcellular functions and gene expression, respectively. The immune response to the different antigens was benchmarked against that of hemocytes treated with Poly (I:C). We identified 10 antigen preparations capable of inducing immune stimulation in hemocytes (ROS production and positively expressed immune- related genes) after 1 h of exposure, without causing cytotoxicity. These findings are significant, as they evidence the potential for priming the innate immunity of oysters using viral antigens, which may enable cost-effective therapeutic treatment to mitigate OsHV-1/POMS. Further testing of these antigen preparations using an in-vivo infection model is essential to validate promising candidate pseudo-vaccines. Article in Journal/Newspaper Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster Frontiers (Publisher) Pacific Frontiers in Immunology 14 |
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Infectious diseases are a major constraint to the expansion of shellfish production worldwide. Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS), a polymicrobial disease triggered by the Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1), has devastated the global Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) aquaculture industry. Recent ground-breaking research revealed that C. gigas possess an immune memory, capable of adaption, which improves the immune response upon a second exposure to a pathogen. This paradigm shift opens the door for developing ‘vaccines’ to improve shellfish survival during disease outbreaks. In the present study, we developed an in-vitro assay using hemocytes – the main effectors of the C. gigas immune system – collected from juvenile oysters susceptible to OsHV-1. The potency of multiple antigen preparations (e.g., chemically and physically inactivated OsHV-1, viral DNA, and protein extracts) to stimulate an immune response in hemocytes was evaluated using flow cytometry and droplet digital PCR to measure immune-related subcellular functions and gene expression, respectively. The immune response to the different antigens was benchmarked against that of hemocytes treated with Poly (I:C). We identified 10 antigen preparations capable of inducing immune stimulation in hemocytes (ROS production and positively expressed immune- related genes) after 1 h of exposure, without causing cytotoxicity. These findings are significant, as they evidence the potential for priming the innate immunity of oysters using viral antigens, which may enable cost-effective therapeutic treatment to mitigate OsHV-1/POMS. Further testing of these antigen preparations using an in-vivo infection model is essential to validate promising candidate pseudo-vaccines. |
author2 |
Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Delisle, Lizenn Rolton, Anne Vignier, Julien |
spellingShingle |
Delisle, Lizenn Rolton, Anne Vignier, Julien Inactivated ostreid herpesvirus-1 induces an innate immune response in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, hemocytes |
author_facet |
Delisle, Lizenn Rolton, Anne Vignier, Julien |
author_sort |
Delisle, Lizenn |
title |
Inactivated ostreid herpesvirus-1 induces an innate immune response in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, hemocytes |
title_short |
Inactivated ostreid herpesvirus-1 induces an innate immune response in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, hemocytes |
title_full |
Inactivated ostreid herpesvirus-1 induces an innate immune response in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, hemocytes |
title_fullStr |
Inactivated ostreid herpesvirus-1 induces an innate immune response in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, hemocytes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Inactivated ostreid herpesvirus-1 induces an innate immune response in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, hemocytes |
title_sort |
inactivated ostreid herpesvirus-1 induces an innate immune response in the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas, hemocytes |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161145 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161145/full |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster |
op_source |
Frontiers in Immunology volume 14 ISSN 1664-3224 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161145 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Immunology |
container_volume |
14 |
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1802643528181874688 |