An HLA map of the world: A comparison of HLA frequencies in 200 worldwide populations reveals diverse patterns for class I and class II
HLA frequencies show widespread variation across human populations. Demographic factors as well as selection are thought to have shaped HLA variation across continents. In this study, a worldwide comparison of HLA class I and class II diversity was carried out. Multidimensional scaling techniques we...
Published in: | Frontiers in Genetics |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.866407 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2023.866407/full |
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crfrontiers:10.3389/fgene.2023.866407 2024-10-13T14:10:38+00:00 An HLA map of the world: A comparison of HLA frequencies in 200 worldwide populations reveals diverse patterns for class I and class II Arrieta-Bolaños, Esteban Hernández-Zaragoza, Diana Iraíz Barquera, Rodrigo Universität Duisburg-Essen 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.866407 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2023.866407/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Genetics volume 14 ISSN 1664-8021 journal-article 2023 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.866407 2024-09-17T04:13:45Z HLA frequencies show widespread variation across human populations. Demographic factors as well as selection are thought to have shaped HLA variation across continents. In this study, a worldwide comparison of HLA class I and class II diversity was carried out. Multidimensional scaling techniques were applied to 50 HLA-A and HLA-B (class I) as well as 13 HLA-DRB1 (class II) first-field frequencies in 200 populations from all continents. Our results confirm a strong effect of geography on the distribution of HLA class I allele groups, with principal coordinates analysis closely resembling geographical location of populations, especially those of Africa-Eurasia. Conversely, class II frequencies stratify populations along a continuum of differentiation less clearly correlated to actual geographic location. Double clustering analysis revealed finer intra-continental sub-clusters (e.g., Northern and Western Europe vs. South East Europe, North Africa and Southwest Asia; South and East Africa vs. West Africa), and HLA allele group patterns characteristic of these clusters. Ancient (Austronesian expansion) and more recent (Romani people in Europe) migrations, as well as extreme differentiation (Taiwan indigenous peoples, Native Americans), and interregional gene flow (Sámi, Egyptians) are also reflected by the results. Barrier analysis comparing D ST and geographic location identified genetic discontinuities caused by natural barriers or human behavior explaining inter and intra-continental HLA borders for class I and class II. Overall, a progressive reduction in HLA diversity from African to Oceanian and Native American populations is noted. This analysis of HLA frequencies in a unique set of worldwide populations confirms previous findings on the remarkable similarity of class I frequencies to geography, but also shows a more complex development for class II, with implications for both human evolutionary studies and biomedical research. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sámi Frontiers (Publisher) Frontiers in Genetics 14 |
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HLA frequencies show widespread variation across human populations. Demographic factors as well as selection are thought to have shaped HLA variation across continents. In this study, a worldwide comparison of HLA class I and class II diversity was carried out. Multidimensional scaling techniques were applied to 50 HLA-A and HLA-B (class I) as well as 13 HLA-DRB1 (class II) first-field frequencies in 200 populations from all continents. Our results confirm a strong effect of geography on the distribution of HLA class I allele groups, with principal coordinates analysis closely resembling geographical location of populations, especially those of Africa-Eurasia. Conversely, class II frequencies stratify populations along a continuum of differentiation less clearly correlated to actual geographic location. Double clustering analysis revealed finer intra-continental sub-clusters (e.g., Northern and Western Europe vs. South East Europe, North Africa and Southwest Asia; South and East Africa vs. West Africa), and HLA allele group patterns characteristic of these clusters. Ancient (Austronesian expansion) and more recent (Romani people in Europe) migrations, as well as extreme differentiation (Taiwan indigenous peoples, Native Americans), and interregional gene flow (Sámi, Egyptians) are also reflected by the results. Barrier analysis comparing D ST and geographic location identified genetic discontinuities caused by natural barriers or human behavior explaining inter and intra-continental HLA borders for class I and class II. Overall, a progressive reduction in HLA diversity from African to Oceanian and Native American populations is noted. This analysis of HLA frequencies in a unique set of worldwide populations confirms previous findings on the remarkable similarity of class I frequencies to geography, but also shows a more complex development for class II, with implications for both human evolutionary studies and biomedical research. |
author2 |
Universität Duisburg-Essen |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Arrieta-Bolaños, Esteban Hernández-Zaragoza, Diana Iraíz Barquera, Rodrigo |
spellingShingle |
Arrieta-Bolaños, Esteban Hernández-Zaragoza, Diana Iraíz Barquera, Rodrigo An HLA map of the world: A comparison of HLA frequencies in 200 worldwide populations reveals diverse patterns for class I and class II |
author_facet |
Arrieta-Bolaños, Esteban Hernández-Zaragoza, Diana Iraíz Barquera, Rodrigo |
author_sort |
Arrieta-Bolaños, Esteban |
title |
An HLA map of the world: A comparison of HLA frequencies in 200 worldwide populations reveals diverse patterns for class I and class II |
title_short |
An HLA map of the world: A comparison of HLA frequencies in 200 worldwide populations reveals diverse patterns for class I and class II |
title_full |
An HLA map of the world: A comparison of HLA frequencies in 200 worldwide populations reveals diverse patterns for class I and class II |
title_fullStr |
An HLA map of the world: A comparison of HLA frequencies in 200 worldwide populations reveals diverse patterns for class I and class II |
title_full_unstemmed |
An HLA map of the world: A comparison of HLA frequencies in 200 worldwide populations reveals diverse patterns for class I and class II |
title_sort |
hla map of the world: a comparison of hla frequencies in 200 worldwide populations reveals diverse patterns for class i and class ii |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.866407 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2023.866407/full |
genre |
Sámi |
genre_facet |
Sámi |
op_source |
Frontiers in Genetics volume 14 ISSN 1664-8021 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.866407 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Genetics |
container_volume |
14 |
_version_ |
1812817992295120896 |