Salmon louse labial gland enzymes: implications for host settlement and immune modulation
Salmon louse ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) is a skin- and blood-feeding ectoparasite, infesting salmonids. While feeding, labial gland proteins from the salmon louse may be deposited on the Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) skin. Previously characterized labial gland proteins are involved in anti-coagul...
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crfrontiers:10.3389/fgene.2023.1303898 2024-02-11T10:02:09+01:00 Salmon louse labial gland enzymes: implications for host settlement and immune modulation Midtbø, Helena Marie Doherty Eichner, Christiane Hamre, Lars Are Dondrup, Michael Flesland, Linn Tysseland, Kristoffer Helland Kongshaug, Heidi Borchel, Andreas Skoge, Renate Hvidsten Nilsen, Frank Øvergård, Aina-Cathrine 2024 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1303898 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2023.1303898/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Genetics volume 14 ISSN 1664-8021 Genetics (clinical) Genetics Molecular Medicine journal-article 2024 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1303898 2024-01-26T09:57:14Z Salmon louse ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) is a skin- and blood-feeding ectoparasite, infesting salmonids. While feeding, labial gland proteins from the salmon louse may be deposited on the Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) skin. Previously characterized labial gland proteins are involved in anti-coagulation and may contribute to inhibiting Atlantic salmon from mounting a sufficient immune response against the ectoparasite. As labial gland proteins seem to be important in the host–parasite interaction, we have, therefore, identified and characterized ten enzymes localized to the labial gland. They are a large group of astacins named L. salmonis labial gland astacin 1–8 (LsLGA 1–8), one serine protease named L. salmonis labial gland serine protease 1 (LsLGSP1), and one apyrase named L. salmonis labial gland apyrase 1 (LsLGAp1). Protein domain predictions showed that LsLGA proteins all have N-terminal ShK domains, which may bind to potassium channels targeting the astacins to its substrate. LsLGA1 and -4 are, in addition, expressed in another gland type, whose secrete also meets the host–parasite interface. This suggests that LsLGA proteins may have an anti-microbial function and may prevent secondary infections in the wounds. LsLGAp1 is predicted to hydrolyze ATP or AMP and is, thereby, suggested to have an immune dampening function. In a knockdown study targeting LsLGSP1 , a significant increase in IL-8 and MMP13 at the skin infestation site was seen under LsLGSP1 knockdown salmon louse compared to the control, suggesting that LsLGSP1 may have an anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, most of the identified labial gland proteins are expressed in mature copepodids prior to host settlement, are not regulated by starvation, and are expressed at similar or higher levels in lice infesting the salmon louse-resistant pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ). This study, thereby, emphasizes the importance of labial gland proteins for host settlement and their immune dampening function. This work can further contribute to ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Pink salmon Salmo salar Frontiers (Publisher) Frontiers in Genetics 14 |
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Frontiers (Publisher) |
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topic |
Genetics (clinical) Genetics Molecular Medicine |
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Genetics (clinical) Genetics Molecular Medicine Midtbø, Helena Marie Doherty Eichner, Christiane Hamre, Lars Are Dondrup, Michael Flesland, Linn Tysseland, Kristoffer Helland Kongshaug, Heidi Borchel, Andreas Skoge, Renate Hvidsten Nilsen, Frank Øvergård, Aina-Cathrine Salmon louse labial gland enzymes: implications for host settlement and immune modulation |
topic_facet |
Genetics (clinical) Genetics Molecular Medicine |
description |
Salmon louse ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) is a skin- and blood-feeding ectoparasite, infesting salmonids. While feeding, labial gland proteins from the salmon louse may be deposited on the Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) skin. Previously characterized labial gland proteins are involved in anti-coagulation and may contribute to inhibiting Atlantic salmon from mounting a sufficient immune response against the ectoparasite. As labial gland proteins seem to be important in the host–parasite interaction, we have, therefore, identified and characterized ten enzymes localized to the labial gland. They are a large group of astacins named L. salmonis labial gland astacin 1–8 (LsLGA 1–8), one serine protease named L. salmonis labial gland serine protease 1 (LsLGSP1), and one apyrase named L. salmonis labial gland apyrase 1 (LsLGAp1). Protein domain predictions showed that LsLGA proteins all have N-terminal ShK domains, which may bind to potassium channels targeting the astacins to its substrate. LsLGA1 and -4 are, in addition, expressed in another gland type, whose secrete also meets the host–parasite interface. This suggests that LsLGA proteins may have an anti-microbial function and may prevent secondary infections in the wounds. LsLGAp1 is predicted to hydrolyze ATP or AMP and is, thereby, suggested to have an immune dampening function. In a knockdown study targeting LsLGSP1 , a significant increase in IL-8 and MMP13 at the skin infestation site was seen under LsLGSP1 knockdown salmon louse compared to the control, suggesting that LsLGSP1 may have an anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, most of the identified labial gland proteins are expressed in mature copepodids prior to host settlement, are not regulated by starvation, and are expressed at similar or higher levels in lice infesting the salmon louse-resistant pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ). This study, thereby, emphasizes the importance of labial gland proteins for host settlement and their immune dampening function. This work can further contribute to ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Midtbø, Helena Marie Doherty Eichner, Christiane Hamre, Lars Are Dondrup, Michael Flesland, Linn Tysseland, Kristoffer Helland Kongshaug, Heidi Borchel, Andreas Skoge, Renate Hvidsten Nilsen, Frank Øvergård, Aina-Cathrine |
author_facet |
Midtbø, Helena Marie Doherty Eichner, Christiane Hamre, Lars Are Dondrup, Michael Flesland, Linn Tysseland, Kristoffer Helland Kongshaug, Heidi Borchel, Andreas Skoge, Renate Hvidsten Nilsen, Frank Øvergård, Aina-Cathrine |
author_sort |
Midtbø, Helena Marie Doherty |
title |
Salmon louse labial gland enzymes: implications for host settlement and immune modulation |
title_short |
Salmon louse labial gland enzymes: implications for host settlement and immune modulation |
title_full |
Salmon louse labial gland enzymes: implications for host settlement and immune modulation |
title_fullStr |
Salmon louse labial gland enzymes: implications for host settlement and immune modulation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Salmon louse labial gland enzymes: implications for host settlement and immune modulation |
title_sort |
salmon louse labial gland enzymes: implications for host settlement and immune modulation |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1303898 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2023.1303898/full |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Pink salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Pink salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Frontiers in Genetics volume 14 ISSN 1664-8021 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1303898 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Genetics |
container_volume |
14 |
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1790598054487785472 |