Global Connectivity of Southern Ocean Ecosystems
Southern Ocean ecosystems are globally important. Processes in the Antarctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and the Southern Ocean directly influence global atmospheric and oceanic systems. Southern Ocean biogeochemistry has also been shown to have global importance. In contrast, ocean ecological processes...
Published in: | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.624451 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.624451/full |
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crfrontiers:10.3389/fevo.2021.624451 2024-06-23T07:47:29+00:00 Global Connectivity of Southern Ocean Ecosystems Murphy, Eugene J. Johnston, Nadine M. Hofmann, Eileen E. Phillips, Richard A. Jackson, Jennifer A. Constable, Andrew J. Henley, Sian F. Melbourne-Thomas, Jessica Trebilco, Rowan Cavanagh, Rachel D. Tarling, Geraint A. Saunders, Ryan A. Barnes, David K. A. Costa, Daniel P. Corney, Stuart P. Fraser, Ceridwen I. Höfer, Juan Hughes, Kevin A. Sands, Chester J. Thorpe, Sally E. Trathan, Philip N. Xavier, José C. Natural Environment Research Council 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.624451 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.624451/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution volume 9 ISSN 2296-701X journal-article 2021 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.624451 2024-06-04T05:54:06Z Southern Ocean ecosystems are globally important. Processes in the Antarctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and the Southern Ocean directly influence global atmospheric and oceanic systems. Southern Ocean biogeochemistry has also been shown to have global importance. In contrast, ocean ecological processes are often seen as largely separate from the rest of the global system. In this paper, we consider the degree of ecological connectivity at different trophic levels, linking Southern Ocean ecosystems with the global ocean, and their importance not only for the regional ecosystem but also the wider Earth system. We also consider the human system connections, including the role of Southern Ocean ecosystems in supporting society, culture, and economy in many nations, influencing public and political views and hence policy. Rather than Southern Ocean ecosystems being defined by barriers at particular oceanic fronts, ecological changes are gradual due to cross-front exchanges involving oceanographic processes and organism movement. Millions of seabirds and hundreds of thousands of cetaceans move north out of polar waters in the austral autumn interacting in food webs across the Southern Hemisphere, and a few species cross the equator. A number of species migrate into the east and west ocean-basin boundary current and continental shelf regions of the major southern continents. Human travel in and out of the Southern Ocean region includes fisheries, tourism, and scientific vessels in all ocean sectors. These operations arise from many nations, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, and are important in local communities as well as national economic, scientific, and political activities. As a result of the extensive connectivity, future changes in Southern Ocean ecosystems will have consequences throughout the Earth system, affecting ecosystem services with socio-economic impacts throughout the world. The high level of connectivity also means that changes and policy decisions in marine ecosystems outside the Southern Ocean ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean Frontiers (Publisher) Antarctic Austral Southern Ocean The Antarctic Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9 |
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Frontiers (Publisher) |
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description |
Southern Ocean ecosystems are globally important. Processes in the Antarctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and the Southern Ocean directly influence global atmospheric and oceanic systems. Southern Ocean biogeochemistry has also been shown to have global importance. In contrast, ocean ecological processes are often seen as largely separate from the rest of the global system. In this paper, we consider the degree of ecological connectivity at different trophic levels, linking Southern Ocean ecosystems with the global ocean, and their importance not only for the regional ecosystem but also the wider Earth system. We also consider the human system connections, including the role of Southern Ocean ecosystems in supporting society, culture, and economy in many nations, influencing public and political views and hence policy. Rather than Southern Ocean ecosystems being defined by barriers at particular oceanic fronts, ecological changes are gradual due to cross-front exchanges involving oceanographic processes and organism movement. Millions of seabirds and hundreds of thousands of cetaceans move north out of polar waters in the austral autumn interacting in food webs across the Southern Hemisphere, and a few species cross the equator. A number of species migrate into the east and west ocean-basin boundary current and continental shelf regions of the major southern continents. Human travel in and out of the Southern Ocean region includes fisheries, tourism, and scientific vessels in all ocean sectors. These operations arise from many nations, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, and are important in local communities as well as national economic, scientific, and political activities. As a result of the extensive connectivity, future changes in Southern Ocean ecosystems will have consequences throughout the Earth system, affecting ecosystem services with socio-economic impacts throughout the world. The high level of connectivity also means that changes and policy decisions in marine ecosystems outside the Southern Ocean ... |
author2 |
Natural Environment Research Council |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Murphy, Eugene J. Johnston, Nadine M. Hofmann, Eileen E. Phillips, Richard A. Jackson, Jennifer A. Constable, Andrew J. Henley, Sian F. Melbourne-Thomas, Jessica Trebilco, Rowan Cavanagh, Rachel D. Tarling, Geraint A. Saunders, Ryan A. Barnes, David K. A. Costa, Daniel P. Corney, Stuart P. Fraser, Ceridwen I. Höfer, Juan Hughes, Kevin A. Sands, Chester J. Thorpe, Sally E. Trathan, Philip N. Xavier, José C. |
spellingShingle |
Murphy, Eugene J. Johnston, Nadine M. Hofmann, Eileen E. Phillips, Richard A. Jackson, Jennifer A. Constable, Andrew J. Henley, Sian F. Melbourne-Thomas, Jessica Trebilco, Rowan Cavanagh, Rachel D. Tarling, Geraint A. Saunders, Ryan A. Barnes, David K. A. Costa, Daniel P. Corney, Stuart P. Fraser, Ceridwen I. Höfer, Juan Hughes, Kevin A. Sands, Chester J. Thorpe, Sally E. Trathan, Philip N. Xavier, José C. Global Connectivity of Southern Ocean Ecosystems |
author_facet |
Murphy, Eugene J. Johnston, Nadine M. Hofmann, Eileen E. Phillips, Richard A. Jackson, Jennifer A. Constable, Andrew J. Henley, Sian F. Melbourne-Thomas, Jessica Trebilco, Rowan Cavanagh, Rachel D. Tarling, Geraint A. Saunders, Ryan A. Barnes, David K. A. Costa, Daniel P. Corney, Stuart P. Fraser, Ceridwen I. Höfer, Juan Hughes, Kevin A. Sands, Chester J. Thorpe, Sally E. Trathan, Philip N. Xavier, José C. |
author_sort |
Murphy, Eugene J. |
title |
Global Connectivity of Southern Ocean Ecosystems |
title_short |
Global Connectivity of Southern Ocean Ecosystems |
title_full |
Global Connectivity of Southern Ocean Ecosystems |
title_fullStr |
Global Connectivity of Southern Ocean Ecosystems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Global Connectivity of Southern Ocean Ecosystems |
title_sort |
global connectivity of southern ocean ecosystems |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.624451 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.624451/full |
geographic |
Antarctic Austral Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Austral Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution volume 9 ISSN 2296-701X |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.624451 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
container_volume |
9 |
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1802651588557275136 |