Under-Ice Light Field in the Western Arctic Ocean During Late Summer
The Arctic is no longer a region dominated by thick multi-year ice (MYI), but by thinner, more dynamic, first-year-ice (FYI). This shift towards a seasonal ice cover has consequences for the under-ice light field, as sea-ice and its snow cover are a major factor influencing radiative transfer and th...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.643737 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.643737/full |
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crfrontiers:10.3389/feart.2021.643737 2024-09-15T17:54:14+00:00 Under-Ice Light Field in the Western Arctic Ocean During Late Summer Veyssière, Gaëlle Castellani, Giulia Wilkinson, Jeremy Karcher, Michael Hayward, Alexander Stroeve, Julienne C. Nicolaus, Marcel Kim, Joo-Hong Yang, Eun-Jin Valcic, Lovro Kauker, Frank Khan, Alia L. Rogers, Indea Jung, Jinyoung 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.643737 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.643737/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Earth Science volume 9 ISSN 2296-6463 journal-article 2022 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.643737 2024-08-06T04:04:34Z The Arctic is no longer a region dominated by thick multi-year ice (MYI), but by thinner, more dynamic, first-year-ice (FYI). This shift towards a seasonal ice cover has consequences for the under-ice light field, as sea-ice and its snow cover are a major factor influencing radiative transfer and thus, biological activity within- and under the ice. This work describes in situ measurements of light transmission through different types of sea-ice (MYI and FYI) performed during two expeditions to the Chukchi sea in August 2018 and 2019, as well as a simple characterisation of the biological state of the ice microbial system. Our analysis shows that, in late summer, two different states of FYI exist in this region: 1) FYI in an enhanced state of decay, and 2) robust FYI, more likely to survive the melt season. The two FYI types have different average ice thicknesses: 0.74 ± 0.07 m (N = 9) and 0.93 ± 0.11 m (N = 9), different average values of transmittance: 0.15 ± 0.04 compared to 0.09 ± 0.02, and different ice extinction coefficients: 1.49 ± 0.28 and 1.12 ± 0.19 m −1 . The measurements performed over MYI present different characteristics with a higher average ice thickness of 1.56 ± 0.12 m, lower transmittance (0.05 ± 0.01) with ice extinction coefficients of 1.24 ± 0.26 m −1 (N = 12). All ice types show consistently low salinity, chlorophyll a concentrations and nutrients, which may be linked to the timing of the measurements and the flushing of melt-water through the ice. With continued Arctic warming, the summer ice will continue to retreat, and the decayed variant of FYI, with a higher scattering of light, but a reduced thickness, leading to an overall higher light transmittance, may become a more relevant ice type. Our results suggest that in this scenario, more light would reach the ice interior and the upper-ocean. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Ocean Chukchi Chukchi Sea Sea ice Frontiers (Publisher) Frontiers in Earth Science 9 |
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Open Polar |
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Frontiers (Publisher) |
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crfrontiers |
language |
unknown |
description |
The Arctic is no longer a region dominated by thick multi-year ice (MYI), but by thinner, more dynamic, first-year-ice (FYI). This shift towards a seasonal ice cover has consequences for the under-ice light field, as sea-ice and its snow cover are a major factor influencing radiative transfer and thus, biological activity within- and under the ice. This work describes in situ measurements of light transmission through different types of sea-ice (MYI and FYI) performed during two expeditions to the Chukchi sea in August 2018 and 2019, as well as a simple characterisation of the biological state of the ice microbial system. Our analysis shows that, in late summer, two different states of FYI exist in this region: 1) FYI in an enhanced state of decay, and 2) robust FYI, more likely to survive the melt season. The two FYI types have different average ice thicknesses: 0.74 ± 0.07 m (N = 9) and 0.93 ± 0.11 m (N = 9), different average values of transmittance: 0.15 ± 0.04 compared to 0.09 ± 0.02, and different ice extinction coefficients: 1.49 ± 0.28 and 1.12 ± 0.19 m −1 . The measurements performed over MYI present different characteristics with a higher average ice thickness of 1.56 ± 0.12 m, lower transmittance (0.05 ± 0.01) with ice extinction coefficients of 1.24 ± 0.26 m −1 (N = 12). All ice types show consistently low salinity, chlorophyll a concentrations and nutrients, which may be linked to the timing of the measurements and the flushing of melt-water through the ice. With continued Arctic warming, the summer ice will continue to retreat, and the decayed variant of FYI, with a higher scattering of light, but a reduced thickness, leading to an overall higher light transmittance, may become a more relevant ice type. Our results suggest that in this scenario, more light would reach the ice interior and the upper-ocean. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Veyssière, Gaëlle Castellani, Giulia Wilkinson, Jeremy Karcher, Michael Hayward, Alexander Stroeve, Julienne C. Nicolaus, Marcel Kim, Joo-Hong Yang, Eun-Jin Valcic, Lovro Kauker, Frank Khan, Alia L. Rogers, Indea Jung, Jinyoung |
spellingShingle |
Veyssière, Gaëlle Castellani, Giulia Wilkinson, Jeremy Karcher, Michael Hayward, Alexander Stroeve, Julienne C. Nicolaus, Marcel Kim, Joo-Hong Yang, Eun-Jin Valcic, Lovro Kauker, Frank Khan, Alia L. Rogers, Indea Jung, Jinyoung Under-Ice Light Field in the Western Arctic Ocean During Late Summer |
author_facet |
Veyssière, Gaëlle Castellani, Giulia Wilkinson, Jeremy Karcher, Michael Hayward, Alexander Stroeve, Julienne C. Nicolaus, Marcel Kim, Joo-Hong Yang, Eun-Jin Valcic, Lovro Kauker, Frank Khan, Alia L. Rogers, Indea Jung, Jinyoung |
author_sort |
Veyssière, Gaëlle |
title |
Under-Ice Light Field in the Western Arctic Ocean During Late Summer |
title_short |
Under-Ice Light Field in the Western Arctic Ocean During Late Summer |
title_full |
Under-Ice Light Field in the Western Arctic Ocean During Late Summer |
title_fullStr |
Under-Ice Light Field in the Western Arctic Ocean During Late Summer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Under-Ice Light Field in the Western Arctic Ocean During Late Summer |
title_sort |
under-ice light field in the western arctic ocean during late summer |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.643737 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.643737/full |
genre |
Arctic Ocean Chukchi Chukchi Sea Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Ocean Chukchi Chukchi Sea Sea ice |
op_source |
Frontiers in Earth Science volume 9 ISSN 2296-6463 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.643737 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
container_volume |
9 |
_version_ |
1810430476825919488 |