Net cleaning impacts Atlantic salmon gill health through microbiome dysbiosis
Introduction Net biofouling has a significant impact for the global salmon industry in the seawater grow-out stage in terms of its management. Current mitigation strategies occur primarily through the regular removal of biofouling using in situ cleaning. While in situ net cleaning is effective there...
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crfrontiers:10.3389/faquc.2023.1125595 2024-05-19T07:37:44+00:00 Net cleaning impacts Atlantic salmon gill health through microbiome dysbiosis Elsheshtawy, Ahmed Clokie, Benjamin Gregory James Albalat, Amaya Nylund, Are Isaksen, Trond Einar Napsøy Indrebø, Elisabeth Andersen, Linda Moore, Lindsey Jane MacKenzie, Simon 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1125595 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/faquc.2023.1125595/full unknown Frontiers Media SA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Frontiers in Aquaculture volume 2 ISSN 2813-5334 journal-article 2023 crfrontiers https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1125595 2024-05-01T06:51:37Z Introduction Net biofouling has a significant impact for the global salmon industry in the seawater grow-out stage in terms of its management. Current mitigation strategies occur primarily through the regular removal of biofouling using in situ cleaning. While in situ net cleaning is effective there is uncertainty as to whether the equipment or dispersed material has an impact upon the fish in the cages. Through direct contact with the environment, the significant surface area of the gill including its microbiome is directly exposed to the acute environmental changes generated by net cleaning. This study aimed to provide a detailed understanding of the impact of in situ net cleaning on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill health. Methods Three field trials were conducted on commercial fish farms in western Norway. Fouling organisms on net pens and flushed particles during in situ cleaning were identified and screened for major fish pathogens. Hydrographic profile measurements were performed to measure the impact on water quality. Gill samples were examined for histopathological changes, immune gene expression, and the prevalence of major pathogens. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was employed to explore the impact of net cleaning on gill microbiome. Results and discussion Data obtained from these trials identified a diversity of fouling species including hydroids, algae, skeleton shrimps, and filter feeders on net pens, a direct impact on measured water quality indicators, a moderate change in gill inflammatory and antigen presentation activity at the level of mRNA, and a large significant change in gill microbiome. Observed changes in gill microbial community involved a decrease in bacterial richness coupled to an increase in identified bacterial genera related to negative health consequences. Parallel analyses for pathogens load in biofouling organisms and flushed particles highlighted the presence of several fish bacteria and parasites. However, minor changes were detected ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Frontiers (Publisher) Frontiers in Aquaculture 2 |
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Introduction Net biofouling has a significant impact for the global salmon industry in the seawater grow-out stage in terms of its management. Current mitigation strategies occur primarily through the regular removal of biofouling using in situ cleaning. While in situ net cleaning is effective there is uncertainty as to whether the equipment or dispersed material has an impact upon the fish in the cages. Through direct contact with the environment, the significant surface area of the gill including its microbiome is directly exposed to the acute environmental changes generated by net cleaning. This study aimed to provide a detailed understanding of the impact of in situ net cleaning on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill health. Methods Three field trials were conducted on commercial fish farms in western Norway. Fouling organisms on net pens and flushed particles during in situ cleaning were identified and screened for major fish pathogens. Hydrographic profile measurements were performed to measure the impact on water quality. Gill samples were examined for histopathological changes, immune gene expression, and the prevalence of major pathogens. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was employed to explore the impact of net cleaning on gill microbiome. Results and discussion Data obtained from these trials identified a diversity of fouling species including hydroids, algae, skeleton shrimps, and filter feeders on net pens, a direct impact on measured water quality indicators, a moderate change in gill inflammatory and antigen presentation activity at the level of mRNA, and a large significant change in gill microbiome. Observed changes in gill microbial community involved a decrease in bacterial richness coupled to an increase in identified bacterial genera related to negative health consequences. Parallel analyses for pathogens load in biofouling organisms and flushed particles highlighted the presence of several fish bacteria and parasites. However, minor changes were detected ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Elsheshtawy, Ahmed Clokie, Benjamin Gregory James Albalat, Amaya Nylund, Are Isaksen, Trond Einar Napsøy Indrebø, Elisabeth Andersen, Linda Moore, Lindsey Jane MacKenzie, Simon |
spellingShingle |
Elsheshtawy, Ahmed Clokie, Benjamin Gregory James Albalat, Amaya Nylund, Are Isaksen, Trond Einar Napsøy Indrebø, Elisabeth Andersen, Linda Moore, Lindsey Jane MacKenzie, Simon Net cleaning impacts Atlantic salmon gill health through microbiome dysbiosis |
author_facet |
Elsheshtawy, Ahmed Clokie, Benjamin Gregory James Albalat, Amaya Nylund, Are Isaksen, Trond Einar Napsøy Indrebø, Elisabeth Andersen, Linda Moore, Lindsey Jane MacKenzie, Simon |
author_sort |
Elsheshtawy, Ahmed |
title |
Net cleaning impacts Atlantic salmon gill health through microbiome dysbiosis |
title_short |
Net cleaning impacts Atlantic salmon gill health through microbiome dysbiosis |
title_full |
Net cleaning impacts Atlantic salmon gill health through microbiome dysbiosis |
title_fullStr |
Net cleaning impacts Atlantic salmon gill health through microbiome dysbiosis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Net cleaning impacts Atlantic salmon gill health through microbiome dysbiosis |
title_sort |
net cleaning impacts atlantic salmon gill health through microbiome dysbiosis |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1125595 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/faquc.2023.1125595/full |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Frontiers in Aquaculture volume 2 ISSN 2813-5334 |
op_rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1125595 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Aquaculture |
container_volume |
2 |
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1799477082475986944 |