Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks
Abstract Background Some studies have indicated that the Horned Larks ( Eremophila alpestris ) should be considered as a species complex. Recently it split into four species or clades and seven subclades based on genetic, morphological, and biogeographic data. However, other aspects like song diverg...
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crelsevierbv:10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y 2023-09-05T13:19:14+02:00 Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks Vargas-Puentes, Jimmy Alexander Arias-Sosa, Luis Alejandro Ramos-Montaño, Carolina Corporación Autónoma Regional de Boyacá 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y/fulltext.html en eng Elsevier BV http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Avian Research volume 12, issue 1 ISSN 2053-7166 Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics journal-article 2021 crelsevierbv https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y 2023-08-23T15:51:45Z Abstract Background Some studies have indicated that the Horned Larks ( Eremophila alpestris ) should be considered as a species complex. Recently it split into four species or clades and seven subclades based on genetic, morphological, and biogeographic data. However, other aspects like song divergence have not been studied and several subspecies have not been evaluated, leading to important information gaps in this group of birds. In this work, we aimed to assess the differences in song traits and playback response between the Nearctic subclade and the Neotropical or Colombian subspecies E. a. peregrina . Methods We compared six song traits between these groups and performed field playback experiments, to test the response of the Neotropical larks to both songs. We tested the difference in the variables for separate as well as by principal component analysis (PCA). Results We found significant differences ( p < 0.05) in the individual song traits and the PCA analysis between the two groups. Further, the PCA analysis showed a clearer divergence of the Neotropical songs in comparison to the Nearctic songs of different locations within North America. Similarly, the playback analysis showed a significantly lower response of E. a. peregrina to the songs of the Nearctic larks. Conclusions Besides this song divergence, there are important ecological and biogeographic differences between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks, that indicate an unclear relationship between these two groups. Thus, further morphological and genetic studies are required to clarify the taxonomy of the Neotropical Horned Lark and define if they share the same evolutionary history as the other subspecies of the Nearctic subclade. Article in Journal/Newspaper Eremophila alpestris ScienceDirect (Elsevier - via Crossref) Avian Research 12 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
ScienceDirect (Elsevier - via Crossref) |
op_collection_id |
crelsevierbv |
language |
English |
topic |
Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
spellingShingle |
Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Vargas-Puentes, Jimmy Alexander Arias-Sosa, Luis Alejandro Ramos-Montaño, Carolina Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks |
topic_facet |
Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
description |
Abstract Background Some studies have indicated that the Horned Larks ( Eremophila alpestris ) should be considered as a species complex. Recently it split into four species or clades and seven subclades based on genetic, morphological, and biogeographic data. However, other aspects like song divergence have not been studied and several subspecies have not been evaluated, leading to important information gaps in this group of birds. In this work, we aimed to assess the differences in song traits and playback response between the Nearctic subclade and the Neotropical or Colombian subspecies E. a. peregrina . Methods We compared six song traits between these groups and performed field playback experiments, to test the response of the Neotropical larks to both songs. We tested the difference in the variables for separate as well as by principal component analysis (PCA). Results We found significant differences ( p < 0.05) in the individual song traits and the PCA analysis between the two groups. Further, the PCA analysis showed a clearer divergence of the Neotropical songs in comparison to the Nearctic songs of different locations within North America. Similarly, the playback analysis showed a significantly lower response of E. a. peregrina to the songs of the Nearctic larks. Conclusions Besides this song divergence, there are important ecological and biogeographic differences between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks, that indicate an unclear relationship between these two groups. Thus, further morphological and genetic studies are required to clarify the taxonomy of the Neotropical Horned Lark and define if they share the same evolutionary history as the other subspecies of the Nearctic subclade. |
author2 |
Corporación Autónoma Regional de Boyacá |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vargas-Puentes, Jimmy Alexander Arias-Sosa, Luis Alejandro Ramos-Montaño, Carolina |
author_facet |
Vargas-Puentes, Jimmy Alexander Arias-Sosa, Luis Alejandro Ramos-Montaño, Carolina |
author_sort |
Vargas-Puentes, Jimmy Alexander |
title |
Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks |
title_short |
Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks |
title_full |
Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks |
title_fullStr |
Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks |
title_full_unstemmed |
Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks |
title_sort |
song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the neotropical and nearctic horned larks |
publisher |
Elsevier BV |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y/fulltext.html |
genre |
Eremophila alpestris |
genre_facet |
Eremophila alpestris |
op_source |
Avian Research volume 12, issue 1 ISSN 2053-7166 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-021-00251-y |
container_title |
Avian Research |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1776200047745040384 |