Developmental stage shapes the realized energy landscape for a flight specialist
The heterogeneity of the physical environment determines the cost of transport for animals, shaping their energy landscape. Animals respond to this energy landscape by adjusting their distribution and movement to maximize gains and reduce movement costs. Much of our current knowledge about energy la...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Other/Unknown Material |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
2024
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.98818.2 https://elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/98818v2/pdf |
id |
crelifesciences:10.7554/elife.98818.2 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crelifesciences:10.7554/elife.98818.2 2024-10-13T14:11:22+00:00 Developmental stage shapes the realized energy landscape for a flight specialist Nourani, Elham Faure, Louise Brønnvik, Hester Scacco, Martina Bassi, Enrico Fiedler, Wolfgang Grüebler, Martin U Hatzl, Julia S Jenny, David Roverselli, Andrea Sumasgutner, Petra Tschumi, Matthias Wikelski, Martin Safi, Kamran 2024 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.98818.2 https://elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/98818v2/pdf unknown eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ posted-content 2024 crelifesciences https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.98818.2 2024-09-17T04:53:19Z The heterogeneity of the physical environment determines the cost of transport for animals, shaping their energy landscape. Animals respond to this energy landscape by adjusting their distribution and movement to maximize gains and reduce movement costs. Much of our current knowledge about energy landscape dynamics focuses on factors external to the animal, particularly the spatio-temporal variations of the environment. However, an animal’s internal state can significantly impact its ability to perceive and utilize the available energy, creating a distinction between the “fundamental” and the “realized” energy landscapes. Here we show that the realized energy landscape varies along the ontogenetic axis. Locomotor and cognitive capabilities of individuals change over time, especially during the early life stages. We investigate the development of the realized energy landscape in the Central European Alpine population of the golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos , a large predator that requires negotiating the atmospheric environment to achieve energy-efficient soaring flight. We quantified weekly energy landscapes using environmental features for 55 juvenile golden eagles, demonstrating that energetic costs of traversing the landscape decreased as the birds aged. In fact, the potentially flyable area within the Alpine region increased 2,170-fold during their first three years of independence. Our work contributes to achieving a predictive understanding of animal movement behaviors by presenting ontogeny as a mechanism shaping the realized energy landscape. Other/Unknown Material Aquila chrysaetos golden eagle eLife |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
eLife |
op_collection_id |
crelifesciences |
language |
unknown |
description |
The heterogeneity of the physical environment determines the cost of transport for animals, shaping their energy landscape. Animals respond to this energy landscape by adjusting their distribution and movement to maximize gains and reduce movement costs. Much of our current knowledge about energy landscape dynamics focuses on factors external to the animal, particularly the spatio-temporal variations of the environment. However, an animal’s internal state can significantly impact its ability to perceive and utilize the available energy, creating a distinction between the “fundamental” and the “realized” energy landscapes. Here we show that the realized energy landscape varies along the ontogenetic axis. Locomotor and cognitive capabilities of individuals change over time, especially during the early life stages. We investigate the development of the realized energy landscape in the Central European Alpine population of the golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos , a large predator that requires negotiating the atmospheric environment to achieve energy-efficient soaring flight. We quantified weekly energy landscapes using environmental features for 55 juvenile golden eagles, demonstrating that energetic costs of traversing the landscape decreased as the birds aged. In fact, the potentially flyable area within the Alpine region increased 2,170-fold during their first three years of independence. Our work contributes to achieving a predictive understanding of animal movement behaviors by presenting ontogeny as a mechanism shaping the realized energy landscape. |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
Nourani, Elham Faure, Louise Brønnvik, Hester Scacco, Martina Bassi, Enrico Fiedler, Wolfgang Grüebler, Martin U Hatzl, Julia S Jenny, David Roverselli, Andrea Sumasgutner, Petra Tschumi, Matthias Wikelski, Martin Safi, Kamran |
spellingShingle |
Nourani, Elham Faure, Louise Brønnvik, Hester Scacco, Martina Bassi, Enrico Fiedler, Wolfgang Grüebler, Martin U Hatzl, Julia S Jenny, David Roverselli, Andrea Sumasgutner, Petra Tschumi, Matthias Wikelski, Martin Safi, Kamran Developmental stage shapes the realized energy landscape for a flight specialist |
author_facet |
Nourani, Elham Faure, Louise Brønnvik, Hester Scacco, Martina Bassi, Enrico Fiedler, Wolfgang Grüebler, Martin U Hatzl, Julia S Jenny, David Roverselli, Andrea Sumasgutner, Petra Tschumi, Matthias Wikelski, Martin Safi, Kamran |
author_sort |
Nourani, Elham |
title |
Developmental stage shapes the realized energy landscape for a flight specialist |
title_short |
Developmental stage shapes the realized energy landscape for a flight specialist |
title_full |
Developmental stage shapes the realized energy landscape for a flight specialist |
title_fullStr |
Developmental stage shapes the realized energy landscape for a flight specialist |
title_full_unstemmed |
Developmental stage shapes the realized energy landscape for a flight specialist |
title_sort |
developmental stage shapes the realized energy landscape for a flight specialist |
publisher |
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.98818.2 https://elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/98818v2/pdf |
genre |
Aquila chrysaetos golden eagle |
genre_facet |
Aquila chrysaetos golden eagle |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.98818.2 |
_version_ |
1812819085178699776 |