Vessel noise levels drive behavioural responses of humpback whales with implications for whale-watching

• Published in: eLife
• Main Authors: Sprogis, Kate R, Videsen, Simone, Madsen, Peter T
• Other Authors: H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, Natur og Univers, Det Frie Forskningsråd, Independent Research Fund Denmark
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2020
• Subjects: Megaptera novaeangliae
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.56760; https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/56760/elife-56760-v2.pdf; https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/56760/elife-56760-v2.xml; https://elifesciences.org/articles/56760

Disturbance from whale-watching can cause significant behavioural changes with fitness consequences for targeted whale populations. However, the sensory stimuli triggering these responses are unknown, preventing effective mitigation. Here, we test the hypothesis that vessel noise level is a driver of disturbance, using humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) as a model species. We conducted controlled exposure experiments (n = 42) on resting mother-calf pairs on a resting ground off Australia, by simulating whale-watch scenarios with a research vessel (range 100 m, speed 1.5 knts) playing back vessel noise at control/low (124/148 dB), medium (160 dB) or high (172 dB) low frequency-weighted source levels (re 1 μPa RMS@1 m). Compared to control/low treatments, during high noise playbacks the mother’s proportion of time resting decreased by 30%, respiration rate doubled and swim speed increased by 37%. We therefore conclude that vessel noise is an adequate driver of behavioural disturbance in whales and that regulations to mitigate the impact of whale-watching should include noise emission standards.