Development of generative structures of polar Caryophyllaceae plants: the Arctic Cerastium alpinum and Silene involucrata, and the Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis
Abstract The embryology of three polar flowering plants of the family Caryophyllaceae was studied using the methods and techniques of the light, normal and fluorescence microscopes, and the electron microscopes, scanning and transmission. The analyzed species were Colobanthus quitensis of West Antar...
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Walter de Gruyter GmbH
2017
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crdegruyter:10.1515/popore-2017-0001 2024-10-06T13:43:32+00:00 Development of generative structures of polar Caryophyllaceae plants: the Arctic Cerastium alpinum and Silene involucrata, and the Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis Kellmann-Sopyła, Wioleta Koc, Justyna Górecki, Ryszard J. Domaciuk, Marcin Giełwanowska, Irena 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popore-2017-0001 http://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/popore/38/1/article-p83.xml http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/popore.2017.38.issue-1/popore-2017-0001/popore-2017-0001.pdf unknown Walter de Gruyter GmbH http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0 Polish Polar Research volume 38, issue 1, page 83-104 ISSN 2081-8262 journal-article 2017 crdegruyter https://doi.org/10.1515/popore-2017-0001 2024-09-17T04:10:28Z Abstract The embryology of three polar flowering plants of the family Caryophyllaceae was studied using the methods and techniques of the light, normal and fluorescence microscopes, and the electron microscopes, scanning and transmission. The analyzed species were Colobanthus quitensis of West Antarctic (King George Island, South Shetlands Islands) as well as Cerastium alpinum and Silene involucrata of the Arctic (Spitsbergen, Svalbard). In all evaluated species, flowering responses were adapted to the short Arctic and Australian summer, and adaptations to autogamy and anemogamy were also observed. The microsporangia of the analyzed plants produced small numbers of microspore mother cells that were differentiated into a dozen or dozens of trinucleate pollen grains. The majority of mature pollen grains remained inside microsporangia and germinated in the thecae. The monosporous Polygonum type (the most common type in angiosperms) of embryo sac development was observed in the studied species. The egg apparatus had an egg cell and two synergids with typical polarization. A well-developed filiform apparatus was differentiated in the micropylar end of the synergids. In mature diaspores of the analyzed plants of the family Caryophyllaceae, a large and peripherally located embryo was, in most part, adjacent to perisperm cells filled with reserve substances, whereas the radicle was surrounded by micropylar endosperm composed of a single layer of cells with thick, intensely stained cytoplasm, organelles and reserve substances. The testae of the analyzed plants were characterized by species-specific primary and secondary sculpture, and they contained large amounts of osmophilic material with varied density. Seeds of C. quitensis , C. alpinum and S. involucrata are very small, light and compact shaped. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic King George Island Polar Research Silene involucrata Svalbard Spitsbergen De Gruyter Antarctic Arctic King George Island Svalbard The Antarctic Polish Polar Research 38 1 83 104 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
De Gruyter |
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crdegruyter |
language |
unknown |
description |
Abstract The embryology of three polar flowering plants of the family Caryophyllaceae was studied using the methods and techniques of the light, normal and fluorescence microscopes, and the electron microscopes, scanning and transmission. The analyzed species were Colobanthus quitensis of West Antarctic (King George Island, South Shetlands Islands) as well as Cerastium alpinum and Silene involucrata of the Arctic (Spitsbergen, Svalbard). In all evaluated species, flowering responses were adapted to the short Arctic and Australian summer, and adaptations to autogamy and anemogamy were also observed. The microsporangia of the analyzed plants produced small numbers of microspore mother cells that were differentiated into a dozen or dozens of trinucleate pollen grains. The majority of mature pollen grains remained inside microsporangia and germinated in the thecae. The monosporous Polygonum type (the most common type in angiosperms) of embryo sac development was observed in the studied species. The egg apparatus had an egg cell and two synergids with typical polarization. A well-developed filiform apparatus was differentiated in the micropylar end of the synergids. In mature diaspores of the analyzed plants of the family Caryophyllaceae, a large and peripherally located embryo was, in most part, adjacent to perisperm cells filled with reserve substances, whereas the radicle was surrounded by micropylar endosperm composed of a single layer of cells with thick, intensely stained cytoplasm, organelles and reserve substances. The testae of the analyzed plants were characterized by species-specific primary and secondary sculpture, and they contained large amounts of osmophilic material with varied density. Seeds of C. quitensis , C. alpinum and S. involucrata are very small, light and compact shaped. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kellmann-Sopyła, Wioleta Koc, Justyna Górecki, Ryszard J. Domaciuk, Marcin Giełwanowska, Irena |
spellingShingle |
Kellmann-Sopyła, Wioleta Koc, Justyna Górecki, Ryszard J. Domaciuk, Marcin Giełwanowska, Irena Development of generative structures of polar Caryophyllaceae plants: the Arctic Cerastium alpinum and Silene involucrata, and the Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis |
author_facet |
Kellmann-Sopyła, Wioleta Koc, Justyna Górecki, Ryszard J. Domaciuk, Marcin Giełwanowska, Irena |
author_sort |
Kellmann-Sopyła, Wioleta |
title |
Development of generative structures of polar Caryophyllaceae plants: the Arctic Cerastium alpinum and Silene involucrata, and the Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis |
title_short |
Development of generative structures of polar Caryophyllaceae plants: the Arctic Cerastium alpinum and Silene involucrata, and the Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis |
title_full |
Development of generative structures of polar Caryophyllaceae plants: the Arctic Cerastium alpinum and Silene involucrata, and the Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis |
title_fullStr |
Development of generative structures of polar Caryophyllaceae plants: the Arctic Cerastium alpinum and Silene involucrata, and the Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Development of generative structures of polar Caryophyllaceae plants: the Arctic Cerastium alpinum and Silene involucrata, and the Antarctic Colobanthus quitensis |
title_sort |
development of generative structures of polar caryophyllaceae plants: the arctic cerastium alpinum and silene involucrata, and the antarctic colobanthus quitensis |
publisher |
Walter de Gruyter GmbH |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popore-2017-0001 http://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/popore/38/1/article-p83.xml http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/popore.2017.38.issue-1/popore-2017-0001/popore-2017-0001.pdf |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic King George Island Svalbard The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic King George Island Svalbard The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic King George Island Polar Research Silene involucrata Svalbard Spitsbergen |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic King George Island Polar Research Silene involucrata Svalbard Spitsbergen |
op_source |
Polish Polar Research volume 38, issue 1, page 83-104 ISSN 2081-8262 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1515/popore-2017-0001 |
container_title |
Polish Polar Research |
container_volume |
38 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
83 |
op_container_end_page |
104 |
_version_ |
1812181541571264512 |