Organic carbon and nutrients (N, P) in surface soil horizons in a non-glaciated catchment, SW Spitsbergen

• Published in: Polish Polar Research
• Main Authors: Szymański, Wojciech, Wojtuń, Bronisław, Stolarczyk, Mateusz, Siwek, Janusz, Waścińska, Joanna
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: Walter de Gruyter GmbH 2016
• Subjects: Arctic; Svalbard; Svalbard Archipelago; Guano; Hornsund; Hansbreen; glacier; Global warming; Polar Research; Tundra; Spitsbergen
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popore-2016-0006; http://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/popore/37/1/article-p49.xml; http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/popore.2016.37.issue-1/popore-2016-0006/popore-2016-0006.pdf

Abstract Organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the soils of the High Arctic play an important role in the context of global warming, biodiversity, and richness of tundra vegetation. The main aim of the present study was to determine the content and spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N tot ), and total phosphorus (P tot ) in the surface horizons of Arctic soils obtained from the lower part of the Fuglebekken catchment in Spitsbergen as an example of a small non-glaciated catchment representing uplifted marine terraces of the Svalbard Archipelago. The obtained results indicate that surface soil horizons in the Fuglebekken catchment show considerable differences in content of SOC, N tot , and P tot . This mosaic is related to high variability of soil type, local hydrology, vegetation (type and quantity), and especially location of seabird nesting colony. The highest content of SOC, N tot , and P tot occurs in soil surface horizons obtained from sites fertilized by seabird guano and located along streams flowing from the direction of the seabird colony. The content of SOC, N tot , and P tot is strongly negatively correlated with distance from seabird colony indicating a strong influence of the birds on the fertility of the studied soils and indirectly on the accumulation of soil organic matter. The lowest content of SOC, N tot , and P tot occurs in soil surface horizons obtained from the lateral moraine of the Hansbreen glacier and from sites in the close vicinity of the lateral moraine. The content of N tot , P tot , and SOC in soil surface horizons are strongly and positively correlated with one another, i.e. the higher the content of nutrients, the higher the content of SOC. The spatial distribution of SOC, N tot , and P tot in soils of the Hornsund area in SW Spitsbergen reflects the combined effects of severe climate conditions and periglacial processes. Seabirds play a crucial role in nutrient enrichment in these weakly developed soils.