The fall and rise of bison populations in Wood Buffalo National Park: 1971 to 2003
Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the decline of bison (Bison bison (L., 1758)) abundance in Wood Buffalo National Park (WBNP). The "disease–predation" hypothesis proposes that tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis (Karlson and Lessel 1970)) and brucellosis (Brucella abortus (Schmid...
Published in: | Canadian Journal of Zoology |
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Language: | English |
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2005
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-106 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/z05-106 |
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crcansciencepubl:10.1139/z05-106 2024-03-03T08:49:22+00:00 The fall and rise of bison populations in Wood Buffalo National Park: 1971 to 2003 Bradley, Mark Wilmshurst, John 2005 http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-106 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/z05-106 en eng Canadian Science Publishing http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining Canadian Journal of Zoology volume 83, issue 9, page 1195-1205 ISSN 0008-4301 1480-3283 Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics journal-article 2005 crcansciencepubl https://doi.org/10.1139/z05-106 2024-02-07T10:53:44Z Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the decline of bison (Bison bison (L., 1758)) abundance in Wood Buffalo National Park (WBNP). The "disease–predation" hypothesis proposes that tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis (Karlson and Lessel 1970)) and brucellosis (Brucella abortus (Schmidt 1901)) reduce bison survival and reproduction, resulting in a low-density, predator-regulated equilibrium. The "habitat dispersion hypothesis" proposes that bison in one area of WBNP, the Peace–Athabasca Delta (Delta), have an increased risk of predation because they are concentrated in large meadows with high temporal and spatial predictability. We incorporate bison census data, calf and yearling segregation counts, reproductive rates, adult survival rates, and adult disease incidence in a stochastic population model to show that the historical decline of bison in WBNP would have occurred regardless of disease prevalence. Our model shows that survival of juveniles, the age class that is least susceptible to disease effects, was likely an important determinant of historical changes in population size. We also demonstrate that the population decline was most pronounced in the Delta and that juvenile survival was lower in the Delta, despite evidence that disease incidence was lower in the Delta than in the rest of WBNP. Lastly, the current population trend in WBNP is one of rapid increase, even in the presence of disease. Article in Journal/Newspaper Wood Buffalo Wood Buffalo National Park Bison bison bison Canadian Science Publishing Wood Buffalo ENVELOPE(-112.007,-112.007,57.664,57.664) Peace-Athabasca Delta ENVELOPE(-111.502,-111.502,58.667,58.667) Canadian Journal of Zoology 83 9 1195 1205 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Canadian Science Publishing |
op_collection_id |
crcansciencepubl |
language |
English |
topic |
Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
spellingShingle |
Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Bradley, Mark Wilmshurst, John The fall and rise of bison populations in Wood Buffalo National Park: 1971 to 2003 |
topic_facet |
Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
description |
Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the decline of bison (Bison bison (L., 1758)) abundance in Wood Buffalo National Park (WBNP). The "disease–predation" hypothesis proposes that tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis (Karlson and Lessel 1970)) and brucellosis (Brucella abortus (Schmidt 1901)) reduce bison survival and reproduction, resulting in a low-density, predator-regulated equilibrium. The "habitat dispersion hypothesis" proposes that bison in one area of WBNP, the Peace–Athabasca Delta (Delta), have an increased risk of predation because they are concentrated in large meadows with high temporal and spatial predictability. We incorporate bison census data, calf and yearling segregation counts, reproductive rates, adult survival rates, and adult disease incidence in a stochastic population model to show that the historical decline of bison in WBNP would have occurred regardless of disease prevalence. Our model shows that survival of juveniles, the age class that is least susceptible to disease effects, was likely an important determinant of historical changes in population size. We also demonstrate that the population decline was most pronounced in the Delta and that juvenile survival was lower in the Delta, despite evidence that disease incidence was lower in the Delta than in the rest of WBNP. Lastly, the current population trend in WBNP is one of rapid increase, even in the presence of disease. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bradley, Mark Wilmshurst, John |
author_facet |
Bradley, Mark Wilmshurst, John |
author_sort |
Bradley, Mark |
title |
The fall and rise of bison populations in Wood Buffalo National Park: 1971 to 2003 |
title_short |
The fall and rise of bison populations in Wood Buffalo National Park: 1971 to 2003 |
title_full |
The fall and rise of bison populations in Wood Buffalo National Park: 1971 to 2003 |
title_fullStr |
The fall and rise of bison populations in Wood Buffalo National Park: 1971 to 2003 |
title_full_unstemmed |
The fall and rise of bison populations in Wood Buffalo National Park: 1971 to 2003 |
title_sort |
fall and rise of bison populations in wood buffalo national park: 1971 to 2003 |
publisher |
Canadian Science Publishing |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-106 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/z05-106 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-112.007,-112.007,57.664,57.664) ENVELOPE(-111.502,-111.502,58.667,58.667) |
geographic |
Wood Buffalo Peace-Athabasca Delta |
geographic_facet |
Wood Buffalo Peace-Athabasca Delta |
genre |
Wood Buffalo Wood Buffalo National Park Bison bison bison |
genre_facet |
Wood Buffalo Wood Buffalo National Park Bison bison bison |
op_source |
Canadian Journal of Zoology volume 83, issue 9, page 1195-1205 ISSN 0008-4301 1480-3283 |
op_rights |
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1139/z05-106 |
container_title |
Canadian Journal of Zoology |
container_volume |
83 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
1195 |
op_container_end_page |
1205 |
_version_ |
1792506577346887680 |