Constraints on active-consumption rates in gray wolves, coyotes, and grizzly bears
Predators' feeding strategies lie on a continuum between energy maximizers, who maximize the energy obtained from a patch of food, and time minimizers, who minimize the time required to get a fixed ration of food from a patch. Carnivores that feed on large prey should adopt a time-minimizing st...
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crcansciencepubl:10.1139/z02-112 2023-12-17T10:28:37+01:00 Constraints on active-consumption rates in gray wolves, coyotes, and grizzly bears Wilmers, Christopher C Stahler, Daniel R 2002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-112 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/z02-112 en eng Canadian Science Publishing http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining Canadian Journal of Zoology volume 80, issue 7, page 1256-1261 ISSN 0008-4301 1480-3283 Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics journal-article 2002 crcansciencepubl https://doi.org/10.1139/z02-112 2023-11-19T13:38:39Z Predators' feeding strategies lie on a continuum between energy maximizers, who maximize the energy obtained from a patch of food, and time minimizers, who minimize the time required to get a fixed ration of food from a patch. Carnivores that feed on large prey should adopt a time-minimizing strategy by maximizing their active-consumption rate (ACR) if they evolved under conditions of high competition from group members, and conversely adopt an energy-maximizing strategy if they evolved under conditions of low competition from group members and were thus able to monopolize their prey. By provisioning animals with large pieces of ungulate carcasses, we measured ACR for captive gray wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and grizzly bears (Ursus arctos). In accordance with a conspecific-competition hypothesis, ACR increased with sociality. Other factors influencing ACR included subject body mass and food type, ACR being significantly faster on muscle and organs than on bone and hide. Measuring ACR is crucial to empirical and theoretical studies assessing foraging decisions and may be used as an indicator of an animal's competitive environment. Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus Ursus arctos Canadian Science Publishing (via Crossref) Canadian Journal of Zoology 80 7 1256 1261 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Canadian Science Publishing (via Crossref) |
op_collection_id |
crcansciencepubl |
language |
English |
topic |
Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
spellingShingle |
Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Wilmers, Christopher C Stahler, Daniel R Constraints on active-consumption rates in gray wolves, coyotes, and grizzly bears |
topic_facet |
Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
description |
Predators' feeding strategies lie on a continuum between energy maximizers, who maximize the energy obtained from a patch of food, and time minimizers, who minimize the time required to get a fixed ration of food from a patch. Carnivores that feed on large prey should adopt a time-minimizing strategy by maximizing their active-consumption rate (ACR) if they evolved under conditions of high competition from group members, and conversely adopt an energy-maximizing strategy if they evolved under conditions of low competition from group members and were thus able to monopolize their prey. By provisioning animals with large pieces of ungulate carcasses, we measured ACR for captive gray wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and grizzly bears (Ursus arctos). In accordance with a conspecific-competition hypothesis, ACR increased with sociality. Other factors influencing ACR included subject body mass and food type, ACR being significantly faster on muscle and organs than on bone and hide. Measuring ACR is crucial to empirical and theoretical studies assessing foraging decisions and may be used as an indicator of an animal's competitive environment. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wilmers, Christopher C Stahler, Daniel R |
author_facet |
Wilmers, Christopher C Stahler, Daniel R |
author_sort |
Wilmers, Christopher C |
title |
Constraints on active-consumption rates in gray wolves, coyotes, and grizzly bears |
title_short |
Constraints on active-consumption rates in gray wolves, coyotes, and grizzly bears |
title_full |
Constraints on active-consumption rates in gray wolves, coyotes, and grizzly bears |
title_fullStr |
Constraints on active-consumption rates in gray wolves, coyotes, and grizzly bears |
title_full_unstemmed |
Constraints on active-consumption rates in gray wolves, coyotes, and grizzly bears |
title_sort |
constraints on active-consumption rates in gray wolves, coyotes, and grizzly bears |
publisher |
Canadian Science Publishing |
publishDate |
2002 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-112 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/z02-112 |
genre |
Canis lupus Ursus arctos |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus Ursus arctos |
op_source |
Canadian Journal of Zoology volume 80, issue 7, page 1256-1261 ISSN 0008-4301 1480-3283 |
op_rights |
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1139/z02-112 |
container_title |
Canadian Journal of Zoology |
container_volume |
80 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
1256 |
op_container_end_page |
1261 |
_version_ |
1785580774270959616 |