The recovery, distribution, and population dynamics of wolves on the Scandinavian peninsula, 1978-1998
In 1966 the gray wolf (Canis lupus) was regarded as functionally extinct in Norway and Sweden (the Scandinavian peninsula). In 1978 the first confirmed reproduction on the peninsula in 14 years was recorded. During 20 successive winters, from 19781979 to 19971998, the status, distribution, and dyn...
Published in: | Canadian Journal of Zoology |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Canadian Science Publishing
2001
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-029 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/z01-029 |
id |
crcansciencepubl:10.1139/z01-029 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crcansciencepubl:10.1139/z01-029 2024-09-15T18:01:28+00:00 The recovery, distribution, and population dynamics of wolves on the Scandinavian peninsula, 1978-1998 Wabakken, Petter Sand, Håkan Liberg, Olof Bjärvall, Anders 2001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-029 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/z01-029 en eng Canadian Science Publishing http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining Canadian Journal of Zoology volume 79, issue 4, page 710-725 ISSN 0008-4301 1480-3283 journal-article 2001 crcansciencepubl https://doi.org/10.1139/z01-029 2024-09-05T04:11:14Z In 1966 the gray wolf (Canis lupus) was regarded as functionally extinct in Norway and Sweden (the Scandinavian peninsula). In 1978 the first confirmed reproduction on the peninsula in 14 years was recorded. During 20 successive winters, from 19781979 to 19971998, the status, distribution, and dynamics of the wolf population were monitored by snow-tracking as a cooperative SwedishNorwegian project. After the 1978 reproduction in northern Sweden, all new pairs and packs were located in south-central parts of the Scandinavian peninsula. Between 1983 and 1990 wolves reproduced each year except 1986, but in only one territory. There was no population growth during this period and the population never exceeded 10 animals. In 1991 reproduction was recorded in two territories. After that there were multiple reproductions each year and the population started growing. In 1998 there were 5072 wolves and six reproducing packs on the peninsula. Between 1991 and 1998 the annual growth rate was 1.29 ± 0.035 (mean ± SD). A minimum of 25 litters were born during the study period. The early-winter size of packs reproducing for the first time was 6.2 ± 1.4 wolves (n = 9), and this decreased with time during the study. The size of packs that had reproduced more than once was 6.4 ± 1.8 wolves (n = 12), and this increased with time over the study period. All but 1 of 30 reported wolf deaths were human-caused. The annual mortality rate was 0.13 ± 0.11, and this decreased with time during the study period. The minimum dispersal distance was 323 ± 212 km for males and 123 ± 67 km for females. Of 10 new wolf territories where breeding occurred, only 1 bordered other, existing territories. The distance from newly established wolf pairs to the nearest existing packs was 119 ± 73 km. Simulation of population growth based on known reproductions and mortalities showed a close similarity to the results from population censuses up to the mid-1990s. To what extent this population is genetically isolated is at present unclear. Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus gray wolf Northern Sweden Canadian Science Publishing Canadian Journal of Zoology 79 4 710 725 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Canadian Science Publishing |
op_collection_id |
crcansciencepubl |
language |
English |
description |
In 1966 the gray wolf (Canis lupus) was regarded as functionally extinct in Norway and Sweden (the Scandinavian peninsula). In 1978 the first confirmed reproduction on the peninsula in 14 years was recorded. During 20 successive winters, from 19781979 to 19971998, the status, distribution, and dynamics of the wolf population were monitored by snow-tracking as a cooperative SwedishNorwegian project. After the 1978 reproduction in northern Sweden, all new pairs and packs were located in south-central parts of the Scandinavian peninsula. Between 1983 and 1990 wolves reproduced each year except 1986, but in only one territory. There was no population growth during this period and the population never exceeded 10 animals. In 1991 reproduction was recorded in two territories. After that there were multiple reproductions each year and the population started growing. In 1998 there were 5072 wolves and six reproducing packs on the peninsula. Between 1991 and 1998 the annual growth rate was 1.29 ± 0.035 (mean ± SD). A minimum of 25 litters were born during the study period. The early-winter size of packs reproducing for the first time was 6.2 ± 1.4 wolves (n = 9), and this decreased with time during the study. The size of packs that had reproduced more than once was 6.4 ± 1.8 wolves (n = 12), and this increased with time over the study period. All but 1 of 30 reported wolf deaths were human-caused. The annual mortality rate was 0.13 ± 0.11, and this decreased with time during the study period. The minimum dispersal distance was 323 ± 212 km for males and 123 ± 67 km for females. Of 10 new wolf territories where breeding occurred, only 1 bordered other, existing territories. The distance from newly established wolf pairs to the nearest existing packs was 119 ± 73 km. Simulation of population growth based on known reproductions and mortalities showed a close similarity to the results from population censuses up to the mid-1990s. To what extent this population is genetically isolated is at present unclear. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wabakken, Petter Sand, Håkan Liberg, Olof Bjärvall, Anders |
spellingShingle |
Wabakken, Petter Sand, Håkan Liberg, Olof Bjärvall, Anders The recovery, distribution, and population dynamics of wolves on the Scandinavian peninsula, 1978-1998 |
author_facet |
Wabakken, Petter Sand, Håkan Liberg, Olof Bjärvall, Anders |
author_sort |
Wabakken, Petter |
title |
The recovery, distribution, and population dynamics of wolves on the Scandinavian peninsula, 1978-1998 |
title_short |
The recovery, distribution, and population dynamics of wolves on the Scandinavian peninsula, 1978-1998 |
title_full |
The recovery, distribution, and population dynamics of wolves on the Scandinavian peninsula, 1978-1998 |
title_fullStr |
The recovery, distribution, and population dynamics of wolves on the Scandinavian peninsula, 1978-1998 |
title_full_unstemmed |
The recovery, distribution, and population dynamics of wolves on the Scandinavian peninsula, 1978-1998 |
title_sort |
recovery, distribution, and population dynamics of wolves on the scandinavian peninsula, 1978-1998 |
publisher |
Canadian Science Publishing |
publishDate |
2001 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-029 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/z01-029 |
genre |
Canis lupus gray wolf Northern Sweden |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus gray wolf Northern Sweden |
op_source |
Canadian Journal of Zoology volume 79, issue 4, page 710-725 ISSN 0008-4301 1480-3283 |
op_rights |
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1139/z01-029 |
container_title |
Canadian Journal of Zoology |
container_volume |
79 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
710 |
op_container_end_page |
725 |
_version_ |
1810438622873124864 |