Spatial and temporal patterns of balsam fir mortality in spaced and unspaced stands caused by spruce budworm defoliation
Spatial and temporal patterns of balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) mortality were studied during a spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana Clem.) outbreak from 1976 to 1984 on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Natural mortality in four insecticide-protected plots was 0% in spaced and 9–15% in uns...
Published in: | Canadian Journal of Forest Research |
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Language: | English |
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Canadian Science Publishing
1995
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-099 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/x95-099 |
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crcansciencepubl:10.1139/x95-099 2024-09-09T19:34:42+00:00 Spatial and temporal patterns of balsam fir mortality in spaced and unspaced stands caused by spruce budworm defoliation MacLean, David A. Piene, Harald 1995 http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-099 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/x95-099 en eng Canadian Science Publishing http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining Canadian Journal of Forest Research volume 25, issue 6, page 902-911 ISSN 0045-5067 1208-6037 journal-article 1995 crcansciencepubl https://doi.org/10.1139/x95-099 2024-06-27T04:11:00Z Spatial and temporal patterns of balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) mortality were studied during a spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana Clem.) outbreak from 1976 to 1984 on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Natural mortality in four insecticide-protected plots was 0% in spaced and 9–15% in unspaced stands, with only the smallest trees dying. Budworm-caused mortality (i.e., total minus natural) was 31–49% and 11–32% in spaced and unspaced young fir plots, respectively, but reached 94–100% in severely defoliated spaced plots, unprecedented in the literature for young fir mortality caused by the spruce budworm. Mortality began in the fourth to sixth year of defoliation, being earliest in the severely defoliated plots. From 80 to 90% of trees that died had > 75% cumulative defoliation, and most (64–100%) of the smallest (2 cm DBH) trees died. There was no significant difference in percent mortality between 25 spaced and 13 unspaced plots (p = 0.434), although, on average, mortality was 10–22% higher in the spaced plots. About 20–30% more of the intermediate-sized and largest trees were killed in the spaced plots. High spatial plot to plot variability in mortality occurred, which was apparently related to observed differences in the amount of defoliation and especially the incidence of "back-feeding" (damage to noncurrent foliage), as well as to plot size. Because budworm-caused mortality exhibits a distribution that tends to form large "holes" in stands, the degree of between-plot variability is related to plot size, and it is recommended that small plots that may miss these patches of mortality be avoided. Article in Journal/Newspaper Breton Island Canadian Science Publishing Breton Island ENVELOPE(141.383,141.383,-66.800,-66.800) Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25 6 902 911 |
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Open Polar |
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Canadian Science Publishing |
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crcansciencepubl |
language |
English |
description |
Spatial and temporal patterns of balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) mortality were studied during a spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana Clem.) outbreak from 1976 to 1984 on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Natural mortality in four insecticide-protected plots was 0% in spaced and 9–15% in unspaced stands, with only the smallest trees dying. Budworm-caused mortality (i.e., total minus natural) was 31–49% and 11–32% in spaced and unspaced young fir plots, respectively, but reached 94–100% in severely defoliated spaced plots, unprecedented in the literature for young fir mortality caused by the spruce budworm. Mortality began in the fourth to sixth year of defoliation, being earliest in the severely defoliated plots. From 80 to 90% of trees that died had > 75% cumulative defoliation, and most (64–100%) of the smallest (2 cm DBH) trees died. There was no significant difference in percent mortality between 25 spaced and 13 unspaced plots (p = 0.434), although, on average, mortality was 10–22% higher in the spaced plots. About 20–30% more of the intermediate-sized and largest trees were killed in the spaced plots. High spatial plot to plot variability in mortality occurred, which was apparently related to observed differences in the amount of defoliation and especially the incidence of "back-feeding" (damage to noncurrent foliage), as well as to plot size. Because budworm-caused mortality exhibits a distribution that tends to form large "holes" in stands, the degree of between-plot variability is related to plot size, and it is recommended that small plots that may miss these patches of mortality be avoided. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
MacLean, David A. Piene, Harald |
spellingShingle |
MacLean, David A. Piene, Harald Spatial and temporal patterns of balsam fir mortality in spaced and unspaced stands caused by spruce budworm defoliation |
author_facet |
MacLean, David A. Piene, Harald |
author_sort |
MacLean, David A. |
title |
Spatial and temporal patterns of balsam fir mortality in spaced and unspaced stands caused by spruce budworm defoliation |
title_short |
Spatial and temporal patterns of balsam fir mortality in spaced and unspaced stands caused by spruce budworm defoliation |
title_full |
Spatial and temporal patterns of balsam fir mortality in spaced and unspaced stands caused by spruce budworm defoliation |
title_fullStr |
Spatial and temporal patterns of balsam fir mortality in spaced and unspaced stands caused by spruce budworm defoliation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spatial and temporal patterns of balsam fir mortality in spaced and unspaced stands caused by spruce budworm defoliation |
title_sort |
spatial and temporal patterns of balsam fir mortality in spaced and unspaced stands caused by spruce budworm defoliation |
publisher |
Canadian Science Publishing |
publishDate |
1995 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-099 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/x95-099 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(141.383,141.383,-66.800,-66.800) |
geographic |
Breton Island |
geographic_facet |
Breton Island |
genre |
Breton Island |
genre_facet |
Breton Island |
op_source |
Canadian Journal of Forest Research volume 25, issue 6, page 902-911 ISSN 0045-5067 1208-6037 |
op_rights |
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1139/x95-099 |
container_title |
Canadian Journal of Forest Research |
container_volume |
25 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
902 |
op_container_end_page |
911 |
_version_ |
1809904160314753024 |