Response of boreal ecosystems to varying modes of permafrost degradation
Permafrost degradation associated with a warming climate is second only to wildfires as a major disturbance to boreal forests. Permafrost temperatures have risen to 4 °C since the “Little Ice Age”, resulting in widespread thawing of permafrost. The mode of permafrost degradation is highly variable,...
Published in: | Canadian Journal of Forest Research |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-153 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/x05-153 |
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crcansciencepubl:10.1139/x05-153 2024-10-13T14:07:57+00:00 Response of boreal ecosystems to varying modes of permafrost degradation Jorgenson, M T Osterkamp, T E 2005 http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-153 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/x05-153 en eng Canadian Science Publishing http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining Canadian Journal of Forest Research volume 35, issue 9, page 2100-2111 ISSN 0045-5067 1208-6037 journal-article 2005 crcansciencepubl https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-153 2024-09-27T04:07:25Z Permafrost degradation associated with a warming climate is second only to wildfires as a major disturbance to boreal forests. Permafrost temperatures have risen to 4 °C since the “Little Ice Age”, resulting in widespread thawing of permafrost. The mode of permafrost degradation is highly variable, and its topographic and ecological consequences depend on the interaction of slope position, soil texture, hydrology, and ice content. We partitioned this variability into 16 primary modes: (1) thermokarst lakes from lateral thermomechanical erosion; (2) thermokarst basins after lake drainage; (3) thaw sinks from subsurface drainage of lakes; (4) glacial thermokarst of ice-cored moraines; (5) linear collapse-scar fens associated with shallow groundwater movement; (6) round isolated collapse-scar bogs from slow lateral degradation; (7) small round isolated thermokarst pits from surface thawing; (8) polygonal thermokarst mounds from advanced ice-wedge degradation; (9) mixed thermokarst pits and polygons from initial ice-wedge degradation; (10) irregular thermokarst mounds from thawing of ice-poor silty soils; (11) sinkholes and pipes resulting from groundwater flow; (12) thermokarst gullies and water tracks from surface-water flow; (13) thaw slumps related to slope failure and thawing; (14) thermo-erosional niches from water undercutting of ice-rich shores; (15) collapsed pingos from thawing of massive ice in pingos; and (16) nonpatterned ground from thawing of ice-poor soils. These modes greatly influence how thermokarst changes or disrupts the ground surface, ecosystems, human activities, infrastructure, and the fluxes of energy, moisture, and gases across the landair interface. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ice permafrost Thermokarst wedge* Canadian Science Publishing Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35 9 2100 2111 |
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Open Polar |
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Canadian Science Publishing |
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crcansciencepubl |
language |
English |
description |
Permafrost degradation associated with a warming climate is second only to wildfires as a major disturbance to boreal forests. Permafrost temperatures have risen to 4 °C since the “Little Ice Age”, resulting in widespread thawing of permafrost. The mode of permafrost degradation is highly variable, and its topographic and ecological consequences depend on the interaction of slope position, soil texture, hydrology, and ice content. We partitioned this variability into 16 primary modes: (1) thermokarst lakes from lateral thermomechanical erosion; (2) thermokarst basins after lake drainage; (3) thaw sinks from subsurface drainage of lakes; (4) glacial thermokarst of ice-cored moraines; (5) linear collapse-scar fens associated with shallow groundwater movement; (6) round isolated collapse-scar bogs from slow lateral degradation; (7) small round isolated thermokarst pits from surface thawing; (8) polygonal thermokarst mounds from advanced ice-wedge degradation; (9) mixed thermokarst pits and polygons from initial ice-wedge degradation; (10) irregular thermokarst mounds from thawing of ice-poor silty soils; (11) sinkholes and pipes resulting from groundwater flow; (12) thermokarst gullies and water tracks from surface-water flow; (13) thaw slumps related to slope failure and thawing; (14) thermo-erosional niches from water undercutting of ice-rich shores; (15) collapsed pingos from thawing of massive ice in pingos; and (16) nonpatterned ground from thawing of ice-poor soils. These modes greatly influence how thermokarst changes or disrupts the ground surface, ecosystems, human activities, infrastructure, and the fluxes of energy, moisture, and gases across the landair interface. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jorgenson, M T Osterkamp, T E |
spellingShingle |
Jorgenson, M T Osterkamp, T E Response of boreal ecosystems to varying modes of permafrost degradation |
author_facet |
Jorgenson, M T Osterkamp, T E |
author_sort |
Jorgenson, M T |
title |
Response of boreal ecosystems to varying modes of permafrost degradation |
title_short |
Response of boreal ecosystems to varying modes of permafrost degradation |
title_full |
Response of boreal ecosystems to varying modes of permafrost degradation |
title_fullStr |
Response of boreal ecosystems to varying modes of permafrost degradation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Response of boreal ecosystems to varying modes of permafrost degradation |
title_sort |
response of boreal ecosystems to varying modes of permafrost degradation |
publisher |
Canadian Science Publishing |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-153 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/x05-153 |
genre |
Ice permafrost Thermokarst wedge* |
genre_facet |
Ice permafrost Thermokarst wedge* |
op_source |
Canadian Journal of Forest Research volume 35, issue 9, page 2100-2111 ISSN 0045-5067 1208-6037 |
op_rights |
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-153 |
container_title |
Canadian Journal of Forest Research |
container_volume |
35 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
2100 |
op_container_end_page |
2111 |
_version_ |
1812814521072353280 |