Toxicity of Yellow Phosphorus to Herring ( Clupea harengus ), Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ), Lobster ( Homarus americanus ), and Beach Flea ( Gammarus oceanicus )
Yellow phosphorus is extremely toxic to aquatic life. In herring, salmon, and lobster, the toxic effect of phosphorus is irreversible and probably cumulative. For herring LT 50 (hours) = 300/C 0.87 , where C = μg/liter of phosphorus. No clear indications of an incipient lethal level were found, an L...
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1970
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crcansciencepubl:10.1139/f70-003 2023-12-17T10:27:25+01:00 Toxicity of Yellow Phosphorus to Herring ( Clupea harengus ), Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ), Lobster ( Homarus americanus ), and Beach Flea ( Gammarus oceanicus ) Zitko, V. Aiken, D. E. Tibbo, S. N. Besch, K. W. T. Anderson, J. M. 1970 http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f70-003 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/f70-003 en eng Canadian Science Publishing http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada volume 27, issue 1, page 21-29 ISSN 0015-296X General Medicine journal-article 1970 crcansciencepubl https://doi.org/10.1139/f70-003 2023-11-19T13:39:39Z Yellow phosphorus is extremely toxic to aquatic life. In herring, salmon, and lobster, the toxic effect of phosphorus is irreversible and probably cumulative. For herring LT 50 (hours) = 300/C 0.87 , where C = μg/liter of phosphorus. No clear indications of an incipient lethal level were found, an LT 50 being obtained even at a concentration of 2.5 μg/liter. Incipient lethal levels of yellow phosphorus for lobster, salmon, and beach flea are 40 μg/liter, 18 μg/liter, and 3–4 mg/liter, respectively. Poisoned fish turn red and show signs of extensive hemolysis. Blood of lobster congeals, and after death the thorax may be filled with thick gel and the heart grossly distended. For lobster, LT 50 (hours) = 300–0.17x, where x = product of phosphorus concentration and exposure time (μg days/liter). The oxidation of dispersions of yellow phosphorus in water is kinetically a first-order reaction with half-life of 2–7.5 hr. The adsorption of yellow phosphorus on a solid support such as bottom mud substantially decreases the rate of oxidation. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Canadian Science Publishing (via Crossref) Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 27 1 21 29 |
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Open Polar |
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Canadian Science Publishing (via Crossref) |
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crcansciencepubl |
language |
English |
topic |
General Medicine |
spellingShingle |
General Medicine Zitko, V. Aiken, D. E. Tibbo, S. N. Besch, K. W. T. Anderson, J. M. Toxicity of Yellow Phosphorus to Herring ( Clupea harengus ), Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ), Lobster ( Homarus americanus ), and Beach Flea ( Gammarus oceanicus ) |
topic_facet |
General Medicine |
description |
Yellow phosphorus is extremely toxic to aquatic life. In herring, salmon, and lobster, the toxic effect of phosphorus is irreversible and probably cumulative. For herring LT 50 (hours) = 300/C 0.87 , where C = μg/liter of phosphorus. No clear indications of an incipient lethal level were found, an LT 50 being obtained even at a concentration of 2.5 μg/liter. Incipient lethal levels of yellow phosphorus for lobster, salmon, and beach flea are 40 μg/liter, 18 μg/liter, and 3–4 mg/liter, respectively. Poisoned fish turn red and show signs of extensive hemolysis. Blood of lobster congeals, and after death the thorax may be filled with thick gel and the heart grossly distended. For lobster, LT 50 (hours) = 300–0.17x, where x = product of phosphorus concentration and exposure time (μg days/liter). The oxidation of dispersions of yellow phosphorus in water is kinetically a first-order reaction with half-life of 2–7.5 hr. The adsorption of yellow phosphorus on a solid support such as bottom mud substantially decreases the rate of oxidation. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Zitko, V. Aiken, D. E. Tibbo, S. N. Besch, K. W. T. Anderson, J. M. |
author_facet |
Zitko, V. Aiken, D. E. Tibbo, S. N. Besch, K. W. T. Anderson, J. M. |
author_sort |
Zitko, V. |
title |
Toxicity of Yellow Phosphorus to Herring ( Clupea harengus ), Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ), Lobster ( Homarus americanus ), and Beach Flea ( Gammarus oceanicus ) |
title_short |
Toxicity of Yellow Phosphorus to Herring ( Clupea harengus ), Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ), Lobster ( Homarus americanus ), and Beach Flea ( Gammarus oceanicus ) |
title_full |
Toxicity of Yellow Phosphorus to Herring ( Clupea harengus ), Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ), Lobster ( Homarus americanus ), and Beach Flea ( Gammarus oceanicus ) |
title_fullStr |
Toxicity of Yellow Phosphorus to Herring ( Clupea harengus ), Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ), Lobster ( Homarus americanus ), and Beach Flea ( Gammarus oceanicus ) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Toxicity of Yellow Phosphorus to Herring ( Clupea harengus ), Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ), Lobster ( Homarus americanus ), and Beach Flea ( Gammarus oceanicus ) |
title_sort |
toxicity of yellow phosphorus to herring ( clupea harengus ), atlantic salmon ( salmo salar ), lobster ( homarus americanus ), and beach flea ( gammarus oceanicus ) |
publisher |
Canadian Science Publishing |
publishDate |
1970 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f70-003 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/f70-003 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada volume 27, issue 1, page 21-29 ISSN 0015-296X |
op_rights |
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1139/f70-003 |
container_title |
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada |
container_volume |
27 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
21 |
op_container_end_page |
29 |
_version_ |
1785579274474881024 |