Non-native species in Canada’s boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk
More than 1180 non-native species, mostly of Palaearctic origin, have been recorded from the boreal zone of Canada, with the highest diversity on the island of Newfoundland and in the southern boreal zone of Ontario and Quebec. The non-native biota of the boreal zone (and of Canada in general) is po...
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crcansciencepubl:10.1139/er-2013-0083 2024-06-23T07:54:48+00:00 Non-native species in Canada’s boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk Langor, David W. Cameron, Erin K. MacQuarrie, Chris J.K. McBeath, Alec McClay, Alec Peter, Brian Pybus, Margo Ramsfield, Tod Ryall, Krista Scarr, Taylor Yemshanov, Denys DeMerchant, Ian Foottit, Robert Pohl, Greg R. 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2013-0083 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full-xml/10.1139/er-2013-0083 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/er-2013-0083 en eng Canadian Science Publishing http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining Environmental Reviews volume 22, issue 4, page 372-420 ISSN 1181-8700 1208-6053 journal-article 2014 crcansciencepubl https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2013-0083 2024-06-06T04:11:16Z More than 1180 non-native species, mostly of Palaearctic origin, have been recorded from the boreal zone of Canada, with the highest diversity on the island of Newfoundland and in the southern boreal zone of Ontario and Quebec. The non-native biota of the boreal zone (and of Canada in general) is poorly known in terms of species composition and distribution. A large proportion of species are associated with disturbed anthropogenic habitats such as urban areas, agricultural landscapes, transportation and communication corridors, and industrial developments. Natural habitats in the boreal zone have a high degree of resistance to invasion compared with those of other Canadian zones, likely owing to harsh climates, low light levels, poor soil nutrient availability, low soil pH, low productivity, and dense covering of the ground by plants, especially bryophytes. Of the relatively few non-native species that have successfully colonized the boreal zone, many decline greatly in abundance after a few years, suggesting biotic resilience. To date the boreal zone has shown the least resistance and resilience to large vertebrates (moose and white-tailed deer) translocated to islands, diseases of vertebrates, and earthworms. In general, the ecological impacts of non-native species on the boreal zone have been poorly studied, and there are few examples where such impacts are evident. Likewise, there has been little attempt to quantify the economic impacts of non-native species in either the boreal zone or in Canada as a whole. In the few cases where management measures have been implemented for highly destructive non-native species, results have been somewhat successful, especially where classical biological control measures have been implemented against insects on trees. Chemical and mechanical management measures have had only limited success in localized situations. Management resources are most effectively applied to reducing the risk of introduction. The risk to the boreal zone posed by future new non-native species is ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Newfoundland Canadian Science Publishing Canada Environmental Reviews 22 4 372 420 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Canadian Science Publishing |
op_collection_id |
crcansciencepubl |
language |
English |
description |
More than 1180 non-native species, mostly of Palaearctic origin, have been recorded from the boreal zone of Canada, with the highest diversity on the island of Newfoundland and in the southern boreal zone of Ontario and Quebec. The non-native biota of the boreal zone (and of Canada in general) is poorly known in terms of species composition and distribution. A large proportion of species are associated with disturbed anthropogenic habitats such as urban areas, agricultural landscapes, transportation and communication corridors, and industrial developments. Natural habitats in the boreal zone have a high degree of resistance to invasion compared with those of other Canadian zones, likely owing to harsh climates, low light levels, poor soil nutrient availability, low soil pH, low productivity, and dense covering of the ground by plants, especially bryophytes. Of the relatively few non-native species that have successfully colonized the boreal zone, many decline greatly in abundance after a few years, suggesting biotic resilience. To date the boreal zone has shown the least resistance and resilience to large vertebrates (moose and white-tailed deer) translocated to islands, diseases of vertebrates, and earthworms. In general, the ecological impacts of non-native species on the boreal zone have been poorly studied, and there are few examples where such impacts are evident. Likewise, there has been little attempt to quantify the economic impacts of non-native species in either the boreal zone or in Canada as a whole. In the few cases where management measures have been implemented for highly destructive non-native species, results have been somewhat successful, especially where classical biological control measures have been implemented against insects on trees. Chemical and mechanical management measures have had only limited success in localized situations. Management resources are most effectively applied to reducing the risk of introduction. The risk to the boreal zone posed by future new non-native species is ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Langor, David W. Cameron, Erin K. MacQuarrie, Chris J.K. McBeath, Alec McClay, Alec Peter, Brian Pybus, Margo Ramsfield, Tod Ryall, Krista Scarr, Taylor Yemshanov, Denys DeMerchant, Ian Foottit, Robert Pohl, Greg R. |
spellingShingle |
Langor, David W. Cameron, Erin K. MacQuarrie, Chris J.K. McBeath, Alec McClay, Alec Peter, Brian Pybus, Margo Ramsfield, Tod Ryall, Krista Scarr, Taylor Yemshanov, Denys DeMerchant, Ian Foottit, Robert Pohl, Greg R. Non-native species in Canada’s boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk |
author_facet |
Langor, David W. Cameron, Erin K. MacQuarrie, Chris J.K. McBeath, Alec McClay, Alec Peter, Brian Pybus, Margo Ramsfield, Tod Ryall, Krista Scarr, Taylor Yemshanov, Denys DeMerchant, Ian Foottit, Robert Pohl, Greg R. |
author_sort |
Langor, David W. |
title |
Non-native species in Canada’s boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk |
title_short |
Non-native species in Canada’s boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk |
title_full |
Non-native species in Canada’s boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk |
title_fullStr |
Non-native species in Canada’s boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk |
title_full_unstemmed |
Non-native species in Canada’s boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk |
title_sort |
non-native species in canada’s boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk |
publisher |
Canadian Science Publishing |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2013-0083 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full-xml/10.1139/er-2013-0083 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/er-2013-0083 |
geographic |
Canada |
geographic_facet |
Canada |
genre |
Newfoundland |
genre_facet |
Newfoundland |
op_source |
Environmental Reviews volume 22, issue 4, page 372-420 ISSN 1181-8700 1208-6053 |
op_rights |
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2013-0083 |
container_title |
Environmental Reviews |
container_volume |
22 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
372 |
op_container_end_page |
420 |
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1802647083026481152 |