Movement, migration, and smolting of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar)
A variety of movements characterize the behavioral plasticity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in fresh water, including movements of fry from redds, establishment of feeding territories, spawning movements of sexually mature male parr, movement to and from winter habitat, and smolt migration in spr...
Published in: | Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences |
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1998
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/d98-011 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/d98-011 |
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crcansciencepubl:10.1139/d98-011 2024-09-30T14:32:26+00:00 Movement, migration, and smolting of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) McCormick, Stephen D Hansen, Lars P Quinn, Thomas P Saunders, Richard L 1998 http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/d98-011 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/d98-011 en eng Canadian Science Publishing http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences volume 55, issue S1, page 77-92 ISSN 0706-652X 1205-7533 journal-article 1998 crcansciencepubl https://doi.org/10.1139/d98-011 2024-09-19T04:09:47Z A variety of movements characterize the behavioral plasticity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in fresh water, including movements of fry from redds, establishment of feeding territories, spawning movements of sexually mature male parr, movement to and from winter habitat, and smolt migration in spring. Smolting is an adaptive specialization for downstream migration, seawater entry, and marine residence. While still in fresh water, smolts become silvery and streamlined, lose their positive rheotaxis and territoriality, and begin schooling. Physiological changes include increased salinity tolerance, olfactory sensitivity, metabolic rate, scope for growth, and altered hemoglobin and visual pigments. Through their impact on the neuroendocrine system, photoperiod and temperature regulate physiological changes, whereas temperature and water flow may initiate migration. Smolt survival is affected by a limited period of readiness (a physiological "smolt window") and the timing of seawater entry with environmental conditions such as temperature, food, and predators (an ecological "smolt window"). Smolt development is adversely affected by acidity, pollutants, and improper rearing conditions, and is often more sensitive than other life stages. Unfortunately, the migration corridor of smolts (mainstems of rivers and estuaries) are the most heavily impacted by pollution, dams, and other anthropogenic activities that may be directly lethal or increase mortality by delaying or inhibiting smolt migration. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Canadian Science Publishing Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55 S1 77 92 |
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Open Polar |
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Canadian Science Publishing |
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crcansciencepubl |
language |
English |
description |
A variety of movements characterize the behavioral plasticity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in fresh water, including movements of fry from redds, establishment of feeding territories, spawning movements of sexually mature male parr, movement to and from winter habitat, and smolt migration in spring. Smolting is an adaptive specialization for downstream migration, seawater entry, and marine residence. While still in fresh water, smolts become silvery and streamlined, lose their positive rheotaxis and territoriality, and begin schooling. Physiological changes include increased salinity tolerance, olfactory sensitivity, metabolic rate, scope for growth, and altered hemoglobin and visual pigments. Through their impact on the neuroendocrine system, photoperiod and temperature regulate physiological changes, whereas temperature and water flow may initiate migration. Smolt survival is affected by a limited period of readiness (a physiological "smolt window") and the timing of seawater entry with environmental conditions such as temperature, food, and predators (an ecological "smolt window"). Smolt development is adversely affected by acidity, pollutants, and improper rearing conditions, and is often more sensitive than other life stages. Unfortunately, the migration corridor of smolts (mainstems of rivers and estuaries) are the most heavily impacted by pollution, dams, and other anthropogenic activities that may be directly lethal or increase mortality by delaying or inhibiting smolt migration. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
McCormick, Stephen D Hansen, Lars P Quinn, Thomas P Saunders, Richard L |
spellingShingle |
McCormick, Stephen D Hansen, Lars P Quinn, Thomas P Saunders, Richard L Movement, migration, and smolting of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) |
author_facet |
McCormick, Stephen D Hansen, Lars P Quinn, Thomas P Saunders, Richard L |
author_sort |
McCormick, Stephen D |
title |
Movement, migration, and smolting of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) |
title_short |
Movement, migration, and smolting of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) |
title_full |
Movement, migration, and smolting of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) |
title_fullStr |
Movement, migration, and smolting of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Movement, migration, and smolting of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) |
title_sort |
movement, migration, and smolting of atlantic salmon ( salmo salar) |
publisher |
Canadian Science Publishing |
publishDate |
1998 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/d98-011 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/d98-011 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences volume 55, issue S1, page 77-92 ISSN 0706-652X 1205-7533 |
op_rights |
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1139/d98-011 |
container_title |
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences |
container_volume |
55 |
container_issue |
S1 |
container_start_page |
77 |
op_container_end_page |
92 |
_version_ |
1811636606641111040 |