Trophic biology and migratory patterns of sympatric Dolly Varden ( Salvelinusmalma) and Arctic char ( Salvelinusalpinus)

• Published in: Canadian Journal of Zoology
• Main Authors: Dennert, A.M., May-McNally, S.L., Bond, M.H., Quinn, T.P., Taylor, E.B.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Canadian Science Publishing 2016
• Subjects: Salvelinus alpinus; Alaska
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0004; http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full-xml/10.1139/cjz-2016-0004; http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/cjz-2016-0004

The trophic ecology (diet and head morphology) and migration patterns of two closely related salmonid fishes, Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus (L., 1758)) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma (Walbaum, 1792)), were examined in tributaries of Lake Aleknagik, southwestern Alaska, to test for differentiation between species. Schoener’s index of proportional overlap and multivariate analyses of diets suggested that these species had significantly different trophic niches. Arctic char and the largest individuals of both species had the most diverse diets, and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum, 1792)) eggs dominated the diet of both species, especially Arctic char. Arctic char had larger jaws and wider heads than Dolly Varden of similar body length, which may contribute to interspecific diet difference. The species also differed in migration patterns; otolith microchemistry indicated that juvenile Arctic char were produced by nonanadromous mothers, whereas the mothers of the Dolly Varden had been to sea in the season prior to spawning. The species also segregate in spawning habitat (Arctic char in the lakes and Dolly Varden in streams), as well as in juvenile rearing habitat. Our study provides the first evidence of divergent feeding and migratory ecology between sympatric juvenile Arctic char and Dolly Varden, differences that may constrain hybridization and introgression between them.